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1 however
A conj ( nevertheless) toutefois, cependant, pourtant ; however, he did say that he would look into the matter il a toutefois dit qu'il examinerait la question ; however, the recession is not over yet toutefois, la récession n'est pas encore terminée ; they can, however, explain why ils peuvent, cependant, expliquer pourquoi ; if, however, you prefer not to accept the offer, we… si, toutefois, vous préférez refuser cette offre, nous… ; today, however, it looks as though the sun might come out aujourd'hui, pourtant, on a l'impression que le soleil va briller.B adv1 ( no matter how) however hard I try, I can't j'ai beau essayer de toutes mes forces, je ne peux pas ; however difficult the task is ou may be, we can't give up si difficile que soit la tâche, nous ne pouvons pas abandonner ; however profitable the company is ou may be… la compagnie a beau faire des bénéfices,… ; however rich/small she is ou may be si riche/petite soit-elle ; everyone, however poor/inexperienced chacun, si pauvre/inexpérimenté soit-il ; however often you tell me, I still won't believe you tu peux me le répéter aussi souvent que tu veux, je ne te croirai pas davantage ; however much it costs quel que soit le prix ; however many people go quel que soit le nombre de personnes qui y vont ; however long it takes, I'm not leaving quel que soit le temps que ça prendra, je ne partirai pas ;2 ( in whatever way) however you like comme tu veux ; however he does it, she won't like it quelle que soit la façon dont il s'y prend, ça ne lui plaira pas ; however they travel, they will find it difficult quelle que soit la façon dont ils voyagent, ça va leur paraître difficile ;3 ( how on earth) comment ; however did you guess? comment as-tu deviné? -
2 however
however [haʊˈevər]1. adverba. ( = nevertheless) cependant• that is one reason. It is not, however, the only one c'est une raison. Ce n'est cependant pas la seuleb. ( = no matter how) however tall he may be,... il a beau être grand,...• however much money he has... il a beau être riche...• however hard she tried, she couldn't remember my name malgré tous ses efforts, elle n'arrivait pas à se souvenir de mon nomc. ( = how on earth) (in questions) comment donc• however did you manage to do that? comment donc as-tu réussi à faire ça ?2. conjunctionde quelque manière que + subj• however we tell her about this, she won't be pleased qu'on le lui dise d'une manière ou d'une autre, elle ne sera pas contente• however you do it, it will never be right quoi que vous fassiez, ce ne sera jamais bien* * *[haʊ'evə(r)] 1.conjunction toutefois, cependanthowever, the recession is not over yet — toutefois, la récession n'est pas encore terminée
they can, however, explain why — ils peuvent, cependant, expliquer pourquoi
2.if, however, you prefer to do — si, toutefois, vous préférez faire
1) ( no matter how)however hard I try, I can't — j'ai beau essayer de toutes mes forces, je n'y arrive pas
however difficult the task is ou may be, we can't give up — si difficile que soit la tâche, nous ne pouvons pas abandonner
however small she is ou may be — si petite soit-elle
everyone, however poor — chacun, si pauvre soit-il
2) ( in whatever way)however they travel, they will find it difficult — quelle que soit la façon dont ils voyagent, ça va être difficile
3) ( how) -
3 however
[haʊ'evə(r)] 1.however hard I try, I can't — per quanto ci possa provare, non riesco
however difficult the task is o may be, we can't give up per quanto il compito sia difficile, non possiamo arrenderci; however small she is o may be per quanto sia piccola; everyone, however inexperienced ognuno, per quanto inesperto; however much it costs qualunque sia il suo prezzo; however many people go per quante persone vadano; however long it takes,... — per quanto ci possa impiegare
however they travel, they will find it difficult — in qualsiasi modo decidano di viaggiare, avranno delle difficoltà
3) (how)2.congiunzione comunque, tuttaviahowever, the recession is not over yet — tuttavia, la recessione non è ancora terminata
they can, however, explain why — possono, comunque, spiegare perché
if, however, you prefer to do... — se, tuttavia, preferite fare
* * *1) (in spite of that: It would be nice if we had more money. However, I suppose we'll manage with what we have.) tuttavia, comunque2) ((also how ever) in what way; by what means: However did you get here?; However did you do that?) come3) (to no matter what extent: However hard I try, I still can't do it.) (per quanto)* * *[haʊ'evə(r)] 1.however hard I try, I can't — per quanto ci possa provare, non riesco
however difficult the task is o may be, we can't give up per quanto il compito sia difficile, non possiamo arrenderci; however small she is o may be per quanto sia piccola; everyone, however inexperienced ognuno, per quanto inesperto; however much it costs qualunque sia il suo prezzo; however many people go per quante persone vadano; however long it takes,... — per quanto ci possa impiegare
however they travel, they will find it difficult — in qualsiasi modo decidano di viaggiare, avranno delle difficoltà
3) (how)2.congiunzione comunque, tuttaviahowever, the recession is not over yet — tuttavia, la recessione non è ancora terminata
they can, however, explain why — possono, comunque, spiegare perché
if, however, you prefer to do... — se, tuttavia, preferite fare
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4 случай
(см. также вариант, версия, факт) case, event, occurrence, incident, occasion, chance• Безусловно это можно использовать лишь в случае, если... - Of course this applies only if...• Безусловно, в некоторых случаях... - In some cases, of course,...• Частным случаем все еще является тот, в котором... - A still more restricted case is that in which...• В огромном большинстве случаев... - In the vast majority of cases,...• В данном случае единственной возможностью является... - For this case, the only recourse is to...• В данном случае значение переменной Q не имеет какого-либо элементарного или очевидного объяснения. - In this case the quantity Q has no elementary or obvious meaning.• В данном случае можно использовать другой подход. - In this case a different approach can be used.• В зависимости от... возникают три случая. - Three cases arise depending on whether...• В зависимости от того, действительно ли..., необходимо различать два случая. - Two cases are to be distinguished, according to whether...• В качестве дополнительной иллюстрации рассмотрим случай... - As an additional illustration, consider the case of...• В лучшем случае, подобные величины представляют (собой)... - At best such values represent...• В любом случае, более удовлетворительным является (использовать и т. п.)... - In any case it is more satisfactory to...• В любом случае, возможно, было бы правильным сказать, что... - In any case, it is probably fair to say that...• В любом случае, очевидно, что... - At any rate, it is clear that...• В некоторых случаях более надежные значения для F могут быть получены из... - In some cases more reliable values for F can be obtained from...• В некоторых случаях более полезно... - In some cases it is more useful to...• В некоторых случаях возможно... - In some cases it is possible to...• В некоторых случаях достаточно... - In some cases, it is sufficient to...• В некоторых случаях может оказаться необходимым... - It may be necessary in some cases to...• В некоторых случаях эти два ограничения... - In some instances the two bounds fall close together...• В общем случае будет невозможно (найти и т. п.)... - It will not in general be possible to...• В общем случае будет обнаружено, что... - In the general case it will be found that...• В общем случае возможно доказать, что... - In general, it is possible to prove that...• В общем случае довольно трудно... - Generally, it is rather difficult to...• В общем случае мы считаем наилучшим (вычислить и т. п.)... - In general, we find it best to...• В общем случае несправедливо, что... - It is not in general true that...• В общем случае предполагается, что... - It is generally assumed that...• В общем случае рассуждение делают строгим, используя... - For the general case the argument is made precise by use of...• В общем случае следует ожидать, что... - In general it should be anticipated that...• В общем случае у нас нет оснований ожидать... - In the general case, we cannot reasonably expect...• В общем случае это не будет происходить, если только не... - This will not happen, in general, unless...• В общем случае это несправедливо. - In general this is not true.• В общем случае, рассматриваемом ниже,... - In the general case to be dealt with below,...• В обычном (= типичном) случае, например, можно было бы... - In a typical case, for example, one might...• В подобном случае могло бы быть проще уточнить... - In such a case, it might be simpler to specify...• В подобных случаях было предложено, чтобы... - In such cases it was suggested that...• В последнем случае может быть достаточно (вычислить и т. п.)... - In the latter case it may be sufficient to...• В простом специальном случае, когда X имеет форму (2.3), мы можем записать... - In the simple special case that X has the form (2.3) we can write...• В различных случаях мы обнаружили, что удобно... - We have found it convenient on various occasions to...• В следующей главе мы упростим ситуацию, рассматривая случай... - In the next chapter we simplify matters by considering the case of...• В случае (а) неравенство (1) доказывается в [2]. - In the case (a) inequality (1) is proved in [2].• В случае, если лекция откладывается, вас известят. - You will be given due notice in the event that the lecture is postponed.• В соответствии с природой... возникают четыре разных случая. - Four distinct cases arise according to the nature of...• В таком случае естественно сказать, что... - In this case it is natural to say that...• В таком случае мы часто говорим, что... - In this situation, we often say that...• В частных случаях может произойти (что-л). - In particular cases it may happen that...• В этой главе мы рассматриваем различные случаи... - In this chapter we consider various cases of...• В этом случае мы могли бы определить (= ввести)... - For this case we may define...• В этом случае особенно просто... - In this case it is particularly easy to...• В этом случае, невозможно более (использовать и т. п.)... - In this case, it is no longer possible to...• Важный случай возникает, когда... - An important case occurs when...• Во всех случаях общепризнанно, что... - In all cases it is generally recognized that...• Во втором случае говорится о... - In the latter case one speaks of...• Во многих случаях необходимо знать скорость (= частоту), при которой... - In many cases it is required to know the rate at which...• Во многих случаях необходимо обращаться за помощью к приближенным методам. - In many cases it is necessary to resort to approximate methods.• Во многих случаях это будет очевидно из простого наблюдения. - In many cases this will be obvious by inspection.• Во многих случаях это не имеет значения. - In many cases this is of no importance.• Возвращаясь теперь к более общему случаю, где/ когда... - Returning now to the more general case where...• Все случаи такого типа покрываются... - All cases of this kind are covered by...• Все это возникает как частные случаи (чего-л). - All of these arise as particular cases of...• Выберем специальный случай, когда... - Let us choose the special case where...• Давайте представим случай, когда... - Let us imagine a case where...• Давайте применим наше правило к простому случаю... - Let us now apply our rule to the simple case of...• Давайте рассмотрим некоторые частные случаи (чего-л). - Let us look at some particular cases of...• Давайте сейчас проведем данную процедуру в специальном случае... - Let us carry out this procedure here for the special case of...• Далее, мы кратко рассматриваем случаи, в которых... - Further, we briefly treat cases in which...• Данный метод особенно подходит в случае, когда... - The method is particularly appropriate when...• Действительно, наиболее типичным является случай, когда... - Indeed, it is typically the case that...• Для простоты мы ограничимся случаем... - For simplicity we shall confine ourselves to the case of...• До сих пор мы рассматривали лишь случаи, когда... - So far we have considered only cases in which...• Другие случаи молено обсудить в подобной манере. - In a similar manner other cases may be discussed.• Другим крайним случаем является... - At the other extreme is the case of...• Другим частным случаем является тот из... - Another simple case is that of...• Другой случай, представляющий для нас интерес, получается, если/ когда... - Another case of interest is obtained if...• Если это тот самый случай, то отсюда следует... - This being the case, it follows that...• Еще один интересный случай - это (случай)... - A further case of interest is that of...• За исключением специальных простых случаев, во всех остальных не является очевидным, действительно ли... - Except in certain simple cases it will not be obvious whether...• Зарегистрированы случаи (чего-л). - There are cases on record of...• Здесь будет рассмотрен только последний (= второй) случай. - Only the latter case will be treated here.• Здесь мы видим простой случай (чего-л). - Here we see a simple case of...• й в данном случае это находится в соответствии с... - Again this is in accordance with...• Из симметрии в данном случае очевидно, что... - In this case it is obvious from symmetry that...; From symmetry it is obvious that...• Имеются несколько специальных случаев, представляющих для нас большой интерес. - There are several special cases of particular interest to us.• Имеются случаи, когда... - There are cases when...• Имеются случаи, когда можно (показать и т. п.)... - There are cases when it is possible to...• Интересны несколько специальных случаев. - Several special cases are of interest.• Интересный случай возникает, когда... - An interesting case occurs when...• Интересным является случай, когда... - An interesting special case is when...• Исследование каждого случая отдельно приводит к... - Examination of each individual case leads to...• Итак, мы ограничимся наиболее важным случаем, который... - We therefore confine ourselves to the most important case, which is...• К несчастью, встречаются случаи, когда... - Unfortunately there are occasions when...• К сожалению, за исключением простейших случаев, довольно трудно (получить и т. п.)... - With the exception of the simplest cases it is, unfortunately, rather difficult to...• Критический случай получается, когда... - The critical case is that in which...• Между этими двумя весьма крайними случаями лежит большинство... - Between these two rather extreme cases lies the great majority of...• Можно отметить три специальных случая. - Three special cases may be noticed. •'• Мы до сих пор не рассматривали случай, когда... - We still have not dealt with the case in which...• Мы должны отличать последний случай от случая... - This last case should be distinguished from the case of...• Мы имеем здесь дело со случаем, когда... - We deal here with the case in which...• Мы можем, конечно, применить теорему 1 к случаю, где/ когда... - We can, of course, apply Theorem 1 to the case where...• Мы обсуждаем это в общем случае, когда... - We discuss this in the general case when...• Мы ограничим наши рассуждения случаем... - We shall restrict our considerations to the case of...• Мы очень просто включим сюда все случаи, сказав, что... - We include all cases very simply by saying that...• Мы пренебрегаем случаем, когда х < 0. - We disregard the case when x < 0.• Мы применим наши результаты к одному простому случаю. - We shall apply our results to a simple case.• Мы проиллюстрируем данный метод для случая... - We shall illustrate the procedure for the case of...• Мы рассматриваем каждый из этих двух случаев отдельно. - We consider these two cases separately.• Мы увидим, что данное исследование применимо также в случае... - It will be observed that this investigation applies also to the case of...• Мы уже применили здесь один специальный случай (чего-л). - We have used here a special case of...• Мы уже убедились, что в общем случае мы не можем ожидать... - We have already seen that we cannot, in general, expect...• На практике мы почти всегда встречаем случай, когда... - In practice, it is almost invariably the case that...• Наиболее важным случаем является тот, в котором... - The most important case is that in which...• Наиболее заметным (этот) случай становится, когда... - The most conspicuous case occurs when...• Простейший и, одновременно, наиболее широко используемый случай это... - The simplest case, and the most widely used, is that of...• Нам не известны случаи (чего-л). - No case of... has come to our notice.• Наше задание становится существенно сложнее в случае... - The task at hand is more complicated in the case of...• Общий случай рассматривается в упражнении 54. - The general case is considered in Exercise 54.• Однако в данном случае проделать это затруднительно. - In the present situation, however, it is not feasible to do this.• Однако в общем случае мы заинтересованы в измерении других характеристик... - In general, however, we are interested in measuring other properties of...• Однако в общем случае эта идея имеет небольшую область приложений. - However, this idea has little application in general.• Однако в случае... эти эффекты относительно малы. - These effects are, however, relatively small in the case of...• Однако в специальных случаях это затруднение можно обойти. - In special cases, however, this difficulty may be circumvented.• Однако во многих случаях мы не знаем... - But in many cases, we do not know...• Однако для этих случаев часто более эффективно... - For these cases it is, however, often more efficient to...• Однако из экспериментов мы знаем, что бывают случаи, когда... - Experimentally, however, we know that there are cases when...• Однако имеется много случаев, когда... - There are, however, many cases in which...• Однако имеется один интересный случай, когда... - There is, however, one interesting case in which...• Однако имеются два предельных случая, когда... - There are, however, two limiting cases in which...• Однако имеются некоторые специальные случаи, когда... - There are, however, some special cases in which...• Однако имеются несколько специальных случаев, в которых/ когда... - There are, however, a few specific cases in which...• Однако легко обобщить это исследование на случай, когда... - It is easy, however, to generalize this treatment to the case of...• Однако существуют важные специальные случаи, когда... - There are, however, important special cases when...• Однако это, несомненно, случай... - But this is by no means the case for...• Однако, в общем случае, несправедливо, что... - It is not true in general, however, that...• Одним важным исключением является случай... - An important exception is the case of...• Основные результаты приводятся ниже, сначала для случая... - The main results are stated below, first for the case of...• Особенно важным для наших целей является случай, что... - Particularly important for our purposes is the case of...• Особенно это тот случай, когда... - This is particularly the case when...• Особый интерес вызывают случаи, когда... - Special interest attaches to cases in which...• Оставляя в стороне особые случаи, мы... - Leaving these singular cases aside, we...• Оставляя этот случай в стороне, получаем, что... - Leaving this case out of consideration, it follows that...• Остается рассмотреть случай, когда... - It remains now to deal with the case when...• Очевидно, они неприменимы к случаям, где/ когда... - Clearly they do not apply to cases where...• Первым и самым простым из этих случаев является случай, когда... - The first of these, and the simplest, is...• Подобные случаи могут быть описаны общим уравнением... - Such cases can be covered by the general equation...• Поучительно решить эти уравнения в случае... - It is instructive to work out these equations for the case of...• Применение данной теории к частным случаям требует... - The application of the theory to particular cases requires...• Простейший пример такой ситуации дается специальным случаем... - The simplest example of such a situation is the special case of...• Простейшим случаем является тот, когда/в котором... - The simplest case is that in which...• С другой стороны, в общем случае не всегда допустимо... - On the other hand, it is not in general permissible to...• Ситуация становится проще в случае, когда... - The situation is slightly simpler in the case where...• Следовательно в каждом отдельном из этих случаев необходимо... - In each of these cases, therefore, it is necessary to...• Следующим простейшим случаем является тот, в котором... - The next simplest case is that in which...• Случаем огромного практического интереса является тот, в котором/где/ когда... - A case of great practical interest is that in which...• Случаи, имеющие практический интерес, приводятся ниже. - Cases of practical interest are given below.• Случай (чего-л) требует специального рассмотрения. - The case of... requires special consideration.• Случай этого сорта возникает, когда... - This kind of case arises when...• Случай, вызывающий особый интерес, возникает, когда... - A case of special interest arises when...• Сначала мы рассматриваем случай... - We first deal with the case of...• Существенно более важным случаем является тот, когда... - By far the most important case is that in which...• Существуют два случая, когда это должно быть принято во внимание. - There are two situations where this has to be taken into account:• Такая связь является простейшей в случае... - This connection is simplest in the case of...• Тем не менее, мы говорим в общем случае, что... - Nevertheless, we generally say that...• Теорема 2 может быть расширена на случай параболического уравнения. - Theorem 2 can be extended to deal with parabolic equations.• Теперь мы можем обобщить (это) на случай... - We can now generalize to the case of...• Теперь мы обнаруживаем, что обязаны различать между двумя случаями. - We have now two cases to distinguish.• То, что было сказано выше, применяется, в частности, к случаю... - What has been said above applies in particular to...• Только что приведенный пример является специальным случаем... - The example just given is a special case of...• Нам не представится случай использовать... - We shall not have occasion to use...• Уже сформулированные правила молено распространить на случай... - The rules presented so far can be extended to...• Частным случаем этой теоремы является... - A particular case of this theorem is that...• Что важно в любом из случаев, это... - What is important in either case is that...• Чтобы получить практический результат в подобных случаях, мы... - То obtain a practical result in such cases, we...• Чтобы рассмотреть общий случай, давайте... - То deal with the general case, let...• Чтобы рассмотреть этот случай, мы... - То cover this case, we...• Эти результаты теперь могут быть специализированы для случая... - These results can now be specialized to the case of...• Это может рассматриваться как специальный случай... - This may now be regarded as a special case of...• Это обычный случай. - This is a common occurrence.• Это очевидно для случая, когда/где... - This is obvious in the case of...• Это практически важный случай, потому что... - This is an important case in practice because...• Это просто частный случай (теоремы и т. п.)... - This is simply a particular case of...• Это случай, наиболее часто встречающийся на практике. - This is the case that occurs most frequently in practice.• Это существенно отличается от конечномерного случая, где... - This is in marked contrast to the finite dimensional case, where...• Это удовлетворительно во многих случаях, однако... - This is satisfactory in many instances; however,...• Это хорошо подтверждается в случае... - This is well confirmed in the case of...• Этого, очевидно, достаточно, чтобы рассмотреть случай.,. - It is obviously enough to consider the case...• Этот случай дает прекрасный пример (чего-л). - This case provides an excellent example of...• Этот случай хорошо иллюстрируется (чем-л). - This case is neatly illustrated by... -
5 pegarse
1 (quemarse) to stick2 (persona) to latch onto■ se me pegó un tío en el pub y no hubo forma de deshacerme de él a bloke latched onto me in the pub and I couldn't get rid of him* * ** * *VPR1) (=adherirse) to stick2) (=pelearse) to hit each other, fight3)pegarse a algn — (=arrimarse) to stay close to sb; (Dep) to stick close to sb
4) * (=contagiarse) (lit) to be catching; (fig) to be infectious, be catchy5) * (=darse)pegarse un tiro — to shoot o.s.
¡es para pegarse un tiro! — it's enough to make you scream!
pegarse un golpe — to hit o.s.
* * *(v.) = stick together, bricking, blocking, rub off onEx. However, in practice the task of removing material proved more difficult than expected, since books stuck together and there was little room for staff to work.Ex. The article ' bricking, blocking and Mr Van der Waals' explains some of the reasons for bricking (or blocking), one of the causes of fiche sticking together.Ex. The article 'Bricking, blocking and Mr Van der Waals' explains some of the reasons for bricking (or blocking), one of the causes of fiche sticking together.Ex. If all that good stuff rubs off on her, she will eventually quit being such a gossip over time.* * *(v.) = stick together, bricking, blocking, rub off onEx: However, in practice the task of removing material proved more difficult than expected, since books stuck together and there was little room for staff to work.
Ex: The article ' bricking, blocking and Mr Van der Waals' explains some of the reasons for bricking (or blocking), one of the causes of fiche sticking together.Ex: The article 'Bricking, blocking and Mr Van der Waals' explains some of the reasons for bricking (or blocking), one of the causes of fiche sticking together.Ex: If all that good stuff rubs off on her, she will eventually quit being such a gossip over time.* * *
■pegarse verbo reflexivo
1 (adherirse) to stick
2 (una persona a otra) to latch on to somebody
3 (comida) to get burnt
4 (pelearse) to fight
5 (una enfermedad, una manía) to catch: se le ha pegado el acento del sur, he has picked up the southern accent
6 (realizar una acción) pegarse un tiro, to shoot oneself
♦ Locuciones: pegársele las sábanas a alguien, to oversleep
pegársela/pegársela a alguien: no dejes que te la pegue otra vez, don't let him get one over you again
' pegarse' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
padre
- adherir
- asoleada
- borrachera
- carrera
- dar
- pegar
- pelear
- quemada
- torta
English:
adhere
- cling
- stick
- shoot
* * *vpr1. [adherirse] to stick;Figse pega a la televisión y no hace otra cosa he just sits in front of the television all day and never moves2. [guiso, comida] to stick;se me ha pegado el arroz the rice has stuck (to the pan)3. [pelearse, agredirse] to fight, to hit one anotherme he pegado con el pico de la mesa I bumped into the corner of the table;me pegué (un golpe) en la pierna/la cabeza I hit o bumped my leg/head;Esp Famperdimos el control del coche y nos la pegamos contra un árbol we lost control of the car and smashed into a tree5. [contagiarse] [enfermedad] to be passed on;[canción] to be catchy;no te me acerques, que se te pegará el resfriado don't come near me, you don't want to catch my cold off me;se me pegó su acento I picked up his accent;se le ha pegado el sentido del humor británico the British sense of humour has rubbed off on herse nos pegó y no hubo forma de librarse de él he attached himself to us and we couldn't get rid of him7. [darse] [baño, desayuno] to have;no me importaría pegarme unas buenas vacaciones I wouldn't mind (having) a good holiday;nos pegamos un viaje de diez horas we had a ten-hour journey;me pegué un buen susto I got a real fright;¡vaya siesta te has pegado! that was certainly a long siesta you had there!;pegarse un tiro to shoot oneself;Figcomo la elijan a ella, me pego un tiro if they choose her, I'll kill myself;Perú Fampegarse una muñequeada to get the fright of one's lifese pega todo el rato protestando she spends all her time complaining;se pegó el fin de semana en la cama he spent the weekend in bed[cónyuge] to cheat on sb; Esp Famse la pega a su marido con el vecino she's cheating on her husband with the man next door* * *v/r1 resfriado catch2 acento pick up3 susto give o.s.;pegarse un golpe/un tiro hit/shoot o.s.4:pegarse a alguien fig stick to s.o.;pegársela a alguien fam con s.o. fam* * *vr1) golpearse: to hit oneself, to hit each other2) : to stick, to take hold3) : to be contagious* * *pegarse vb3. (chocar) to bump -
6 проблема
(= задача, вопрос, трудность) problem, task, matter, point, topic, question• В основном, это проблема (чего-л). - This is essentially a matter of...• В связи с этой проблемой интересно найти... - In connection with this problem it is of interest to find...• В этой главе не делалось попыток обсудить очень сложную проблему... - In this chapter no attempt has been made to discuss the very difficult problem of...• Данная проблема полностью совпадает с той, что возникла в связи с... - The problem is exactly the same as that encountered in connection with...• Для большинства подобных проблем достаточно (установить и т. п.)... - For most such problems it is sufficient to...• Другая проблема возникает, когда... - Another problem arises when...• Другим способом рассмотрения данной проблемы является следующий. - Another way of regarding this problem is as follows.• Другой проблемой является возможное, загрязнение... - Another problem is the possible contamination of...• Другой способ решения этот проблемы состоит в том, чтобы взять... - Another way to treat this problem is to take...• Заслуживает упоминания другой подход к проблеме этого типа. - Another approach to problems of this type is worthy of notice.• Здесь мы должны упомянуть о двух проблемах, связанных с... - Two difficulties associated with... should be mentioned here.• Интересные, но трудные проблемы возникают, когда... - Interesting but difficult questions arise when...• Итак, мы сталкиваемся с проблемой... - So we are faced with the problem of...• Их основные недостатки состоят в том, что проблемы, связанные с... - The main disadvantages are the problems associated with...• К настоящему времени несколько ученых исследовали эту проблему. - То date, few investigators have pursued this matter.• Мы не будем касаться проблем, которые... - We will not go into problems which...• Мы обсудим проблему существования и единственности для... - We shall discuss the existence and uniqueness problem for...• Мы сталкиваемся с проблемой... - We are confronted by the task of...• На самом деле данная проблема заключается в решении... - The problem is really one of solving...• Наилучшим образом проблема исследуется с использованием теории... - The problem is best approached through the theory of...• Необходимо рассмотреть эту проблему в некоторых деталях. - It is necessary to consider this problem in some detail.• Обсуждая данную проблему, мы пренебрегли возможностью, что... - In discussing this problem we have neglected the possibility that...• Один путь для разрешения данной проблемы состоит в использовании... - One way of overcoming this problem is to use...• Однако возможно расширить это исследование на более общую проблему, в которой... - It is possible, however, to extend the treatment to a more general problem in which...• Основная проблема состоит в том, что... - The main point is that...• Основная проблема состоит в том, чтобы определить... - The main problem is to determine...• Основной проблемой данной главы является... - Our main business in this chapter is to...• Относительно обсуждения данной проблемы см. Смит [1]. - For a discussion of this problem, see Smith [1].• Очевидно, что это более сложная проблема, чем проблема обычного определения (чего-л). - This is obviously a more complicated problem than the usual determination of...• Перед тем как вернуться к рассмотрению этих проблем, нам необходимо (изучить и т. п.)... - Before returning to these matters, it is necessary to...• По-прежнему остается проблема как обращаться с... - The problem still remains of how to deal with...• Позднее мы вернемся к проблеме о... - Later we shall turn to the question of...• Затем это становится проблемой (чего-л). - Thereafter it is a matter of...• Последнее условие вызывает проблемы, потому что... - The latter condition raises problems, because...• Проблема... до сих пор не имеет удовлетворительного решения. - The problem of... has not yet been solved satisfactorily.• Проблема может усугубляться... - The problem may be accentuated by...• Проблема становится более трудной, когда... - The problem is more difficult when...• Проблема формулируется следующим образом. - The problem is specified as follows.• Проблема, которую мы обязаны позднее рассмотреть, чтобы применять данную идею, состоит в том, что... - A problem that we must eventually face in making use of this concept is...• Проблемы, возникающие в (чем-л), многочисленны и разнообразны. - The problems that arise in... are numerous and varied.• Простейший способ начать изучать проблему состоит в том, что... - The simplest way to approach the problem is to...• Решение подобной проблемы легко выводится путем рассмотрения... - The solution to such a problem is readily deduced by considering...• Чтобы сфокусировать наше внимание на одной специальной проблеме (= цели), мы... - In order to focus our attention on a specific objective, we shall...• С этим преобразованием связаны две проблемы. - There are two problems with this arrangement.• Таким образом, проблема сводится к проблеме выбора... - The problem thus becomes one of choosing...• Тем самым предлагается другой подход к проблеме... - This suggests another approach to the problem of...• Теперь мы переходим к другой проблеме... - We now pass to another problem...• Теперь проблема технически решена. - Technically, the problem is now solved.• Теперь та же проблема будет обсуждаться в количественном аспекте. - The problem will now be discussed quantitatively.• Только первая из этих двух проблем будет рассмотрена здесь нами. - Only the first of these two problems will concern us here.• Условие а = b приблизительно выполнено в любой проблеме, где... - The condition a = b is approximately satisfied in any problem where...• Хотя это и не слишком практическая проблема, однако интересно (рассмотреть и т. п.)... - Although not a very practical problem, it is of interest to...• Часто возникающая проблема состоит в следующем... - A problem which arises very frequently is...• Чтобы изучить данную проблему, мы... - То treat this problem, we...• Чтобы проиллюстрировать возникающие проблемы, мы можем... - То illustrate the problems involved, we can...• Чтобы сформулировать более общую проблему, мы... - То formulate the more general problem, we...• Эта проблема не возникает при... - This problem does not arise with...• Эта проблема уже немного обсуждалась в первом параграфе. - This problem has already been discussed to some extent in Section 1.• Эти аспекты проблемы все еще не исследованы. - These aspects of the problem have not yet been investigated.• Эти два примера иллюстрируют некоторые из проблем... - These two examples illustrate some of the problems of...• Эти проблемы отчасти разрешаются, если... - These problems are partially overcome if...• Это проблема соглашения, что... - It is a matter of convention that...• Это проблема, которая уже обсуждалась в связи с... - This is a problem which has been discussed in connection with... -
7 manage
ˈmænɪdʒ гл.
1) руководить, управлять, заведовать;
стоять во главе to manage a baseball team ≈ руководить бейзбольной командой managed economy Syn: control
2) управлять, уметь обращаться She can't manage her child. ≈ Она не может справиться со своим ребенком. The German however much he manages his language can never make it as purely beautiful in sound as an Italian. (Parry) ≈ Немец, как бы прекрасно он не владел своим языком, никогда не сможет заставить его звучать столь же благозвучно, как итальянец. to manage horse, lance, sword and shield ≈ уметь обращаться с лошадью, копьем, мечом и щитом
3) управлять, аккуратно, экономно расходовать He managed his resources carefully. ≈ Ему удавалось экономно расходовать свои ресурсы. Syn: husband
2.
4) а) справляться, обходиться б) ухитриться, умудриться, суметь сделать( что-л.) ;
тж. ирон. He managed to escape from prison. ≈ Ему удалось сбежать из тюрьмы. After gaining any diplomatic success he managed to neutralise the effects of it by some act of fatuous folly. ≈ После достижения дипломатического успеха ему удавалось нейтрализовать его результаты какой-либо глупостью. Syn: contrive
5) усмирять, укрощать;
выезжать( лошадь) школа верховой езды( устаревшее) выездка лошади искусное обращение с оружием руководить, управлять;
заведовать, стоять во главе - to * a factory руководить /управлять/ фабрикой - to * a farm заведовать фермой - to * a household вести домашнее хозяйство - to * one's own affairs самому вести свои дела - the singer was looking for someone to * him певец подыскивал себе импрессарио - she *s cattle она ходит за скотиной управлять;
уметь обращаться - to * a boat управлять лодкой - can you * the boat without help? ты управишься с лодкой без помощи /один, одна/? - to * horses править лошадьми - to know how to * smb. знать как обращаться с кем-л.;
иметь подход к кому-л. - she knows how to * children она умеет /знает, как/ обращаться с детьми - he is a difficult person to * с ним трудно справиться справляться;
обходиться - I think I can * (it) мне кажется, я справлюсь (с этим) - how did you * (in my absence) ? как у тебя шли дела (в мое отсутствие) ? - I can't * this work я с этой работой не справлюсь, эта работа мне не по силам;
такая работа мне не по плечу - the task could hardly have been *d better вряд ли эту задачу можно было выполнить лучше - he *d matters so well that... он так хорошо все устроил, что... - you will * on your pension вы проживете на свою пенсию суметь (сделать), справиться;
ухитриться - to * (to do) everything in time суметь /ухитриться/ сделать все вовремя - to * to keep one's temper суметь сохранить спокойствие - I *d to see him мне удалось повидать его - how did you * to get the tickets? как тебе удалось достать билеты?, как ты ухитрился достать билеты? - I *d to lose my pen я умудрился потерять ручку - still he *d to catch the train он ухитрился успеть на поезд( разговорное) съедать - can you * another slice? может быть, съедите еще кусочек? - can't you * another sandwich? неужели вы не осилите еще один бутерброд? усмирять, укрощать выезжать (лошадь) ~ разг. съедать;
can you manage another slice? разг. может быть, съедите еще кусочек? he can just ~ он кое-как сводит концы с концами ~ справляться, ухитряться, суметь ( сделать) (часто ирон.) ;
he managed to muddle it он умудрился напутать manage заведовать ~ контролировать ~ обходиться ~ руководить, управлять, заведовать, стоять во главе ~ руководить, управлять, заведовать;
стоять во главе;
to manage a household вести домашнее хозяйство ~ руководить ~ справляться, ухитряться, суметь (сделать) (часто ирон.) ;
he managed to muddle it он умудрился напутать ~ справляться, ухитряться ~ справляться ~ стоять во главе ~ разг. съедать;
can you manage another slice? разг. может быть, съедите еще кусочек? ~ уметь обращаться (с чем-л.), владеть( оружием и т.п.) ~ уметь обращаться (с чем-л.) ;
владеть (оружием и т. п.) ~ уметь обращаться ~ управлять ~ усмирять, укрощать;
выезжать (лошадь) ;
править (лошадьми) ~ руководить, управлять, заведовать;
стоять во главе;
to manage a household вести домашнее хозяйство -
8 трудный
difficult, hard•... является далеко не таким трудным, как предполагалось первоначально. -... is much less troublesome than one would at first suppose.• Более трудным и тонким соотношением является... - A more difficult and subtle relation is...• В этой главе не делалось попыток обсудить очень трудную проблему... - In this chapter no attempt has been made to discuss the very difficult problem of...• Данное открытие было бы трудным, если вообще невозможным, до изобретения... - This discovery would have difficult, if not impossible, before the invention of...• Действительно, особенно трудным является... - In fact, it is particularly difficult to...• Его/ее точный смысл достаточно труден для понимания. - The precise meaning of this is rather difficult to grasp.• Известно, что эта задача является достаточно трудной, хотя... - This problem is known to be quite difficult, although...• Интересные, но трудные вопросы возникают, когда... - Interesting but difficult questions arise when...• Кажется довольно трудным определить... - It seems rather difficult to determine...• Мы стоим перед трудным выбором решения, как... - We were faced with a difficult choice in deciding how to...• Несколько более трудный пример предоставляется... - A more difficult example is provided by...• Обычно это трудная задача. - This is usually a tricky problem.• Обычно это трудный процесс. - This is usually a difficult operation.• Однако доказательство данной гипотезы трудное, потому что... - However, proof of this hypothesis is difficult because...• Проблема становится более трудной, когда... - The problem is more difficult when...• С этими уравнениями обращаться несколько труднее, поскольку... - These equations are somewhat more difficult to deal with because...• Строгий анализ становится значительно более трудным, когда... - A rigorous analysis becomes much more difficult when...• Так как эта задача трудна для аналитического решения,... - Since the problem is hard to solve analytically,...• Точное вычисление выражения (10) было бы трудным. - A precise evaluation of (10) would be difficult.• Эта задача особенно трудна в случае... - The problem is particularly severe in the case of...• Эта, казалось бы, трудная проблема оказывается относительно простой. - This seemingly difficult task turns out to be relatively simple.• Это делает трудным... - This makes it difficult to...• Это сложная теория, она трудна для понимания. - This theory is difficult to comprehend in simple terms. -
9 mucho
adj.a lot of, too much, much, plenty of.adv.1 a lot, much, very much, a great deal.2 very often, too often.m.a great deal, quite much, much, a lot.* * *► adjetivo1 (singular - en afirmativas) a lot of; (- en negativas, interrogativas) a lot of, much■ no tiene mucho dinero he hasn't got a lot of/much money■ ¿nos queda mucha gasolina? have we got a lot of/much petrol left?2 (plural - en afirmativas) a lot of, lots of; (- en negativas, interrogativas) a lot of, many■ no hay muchas copas there aren't a lot of/many glasses■ ¿tienes muchos libros? have you got a lot of/many books?■ hace mucho calor/frío it's very hot/cold■ tengo mucha hambre/sed I'm very hungry/thirsty3 (demasiado - singular) too much; (- plural) too many1 (singular) a lot, much; (plural) a lot, many► adverbio1 (de cantidad) a lot, much■ mucho mejor/peor much better/worse■ ¿te ha gustado la película? --sí, mucho did you like the film? --yes, very much■ ¿estaba buena la comida? --sí, mucho was the food good? --yes, very good■ mucho antes/después much earlier/later3 (de frecuencia) often\como mucho at the mostcon mucho by farni con mucho nowhere near asni mucho menos far frompor mucho que however much* * *1. (f. - mucha)adj.many, much, a lot of, plenty of2. adv.much, a lot- con mucho
- mucho tiempo 3. (f. - mucha)pron.many, much, a lot* * *1. ADJ1) [en singular] [en oraciones afirmativas] a lot of, lots of; [en oraciones interrogativas y negativas] a lot of, muchtengo mucho dinero — I have a lot of o lots of money
había mucha gente — there were a lot of o lots of people there
¿tienes mucho trabajo? — do you have a lot of o much work?
no tengo mucho dinero — I don't have a lot of o much money
2) [en plural] [en oraciones afirmativas] a lot of, lots of; [en oraciones interrogativas y negativas] a lot of, manytiene muchas plantas — he has got a lot of o lots of plants
muchas personas creen que no — a lot of o lots of people don't think so
se lo he dicho muchas veces — I've told him many o lots of times
¿había muchos niños en el parque? — were there a lot of o many children in the park?
no había muchos patos en el lago — there weren't a lot of o many ducks on the lake
3) * [con singular colectivo]había mucho borracho — there were a lot of o lots of drunks there
hay mucho tonto suelto — there are a lot of o lots of idiots around
mucho beso, pero luego me critica por la espalda — she's all kisses, but then she criticizes me behind my back
4) (=demasiado)es mucha mujer para ti — * that woman is too much for you
esta es mucha casa para nosotros — * this house is too big for us
2. PRON1) [en singular]a) [en frases afirmativas] a lot, lots; [en frases interrogativas y negativas] a lot, muchtengo mucho que hacer — I have a lot o lots to do
tiene la culpa de mucho de lo que pasa — he's to blame for a lot of o much of what has happened
¿has aprendido mucho en este trabajo? — have you learnt a lot o much from this job?
no tengo mucho que hacer — I haven't got a lot o much to do
-¿cuánto vino queda? -mucho — "how much wine is left?" - "a lot" o "lots"
b) [referido a tiempo] long¿te vas a quedar mucho? — are you staying long?
¿falta mucho para llegar? — will it be long till we arrive?
-¿cuánto nos queda para acabar? -mucho — "how long till we finish?" - "ages"
hace mucho que no salgo a bailar — it's a long time o ages since I went out dancing
2) [en plural] [en frases afirmativas] a lot, lots; [en frases interrogativas y negativas] a lot, manysomos muchos — there are a lot of o lots of us
son muchos los que no quieren — there are a lot o lots who don't want to
muchos dicen que... — a lot of o lots of o many people say that...
muchos de los ausentes — many of o a lot of those absent
-¿hay manzanas? -sí, pero no muchas — "are there any apples?" - "yes, but not many o not a lot"
¿vinieron muchos? — did many o a lot of people come?
-¿cuántos había? -muchos — "how many were there?" - "a lot" o "lots"
3. ADV1) (=en gran cantidad) a lotte quiero mucho — I love you very much o a lot
viene mucho — he comes often o a lot
me gusta mucho el jazz — I really like jazz, I like jazz a lot
sí señor, me gusta y mucho — I do indeed like it and I like it a lot
- son 75 euros -es mucho — "that will be 75 euros" - "that's a lot"
lo siento mucho — I'm very o really sorry
¡mucho lo sientes tú! — * a fat lot you care! *
•
muy mucho, se guardará muy mucho de hacerlo — * he'll jolly well be careful not to do it *•
pensárselo mucho, se lo pensó mucho antes de contestar — he thought long and hard about it before replying2) [en respuestas]-¿estás cansado? -¡mucho! — "are you tired?" - "I certainly am!"
-¿te gusta? -no mucho — "do you like it?" - "not really"
3) [otras locuciones]•
como mucho — at (the) most•
con mucho — by far, far and awayfue, con mucho, el mejor — he was by far the best, he was far and away the best
no se puede comparar, ni con mucho, a ninguna de nuestras ideas — it bears no comparison at all o you can't begin to compare it with any of our ideas
•
cuando mucho — frm at (the) most•
tener a algn en mucho — to think highly of sb•
ni mucho menos, Juan no es ni mucho menos el que era — Juan is nothing like the man he wasmi intención no era insultarte, ni mucho menos — I in no way intended to insult you, I didn't intend to insult you, far from it
•
por mucho que, por mucho que estudies — however hard you studypor mucho que lo quieras no debes mimarlo — no matter how much you love him, you shouldn't spoil him
* * *Ia) <salir/ayudar> a lotme gusta muchísimo — I like it/her/him very much o a lot
funciona mucho mejor — it works much o a lot better
¿llueve mucho? — is it raining hard?
b) ( en respuestas)¿estás preocupado? - mucho — are you worried? - (yes, I am,) very
II¿te gusta? - sí, mucho — do you like it? - yes, very much; para locs ver mucho III 3)
- cha adjetivo1)a) (sing) a lot of; ( en negativas e interrogativas) much, a lot of¿tienes mucha hambre? — are you very hungry?
b) (pl) a lot of; ( en negativas e interrogativas) many, a lot of¿recibiste muchos regalos? — did you get many o a lot of presents?
2) (sing)a) (fam) ( con valor plural)mucho elogio pero no me lo van a publicar — they're full of praise but they're not going to publish it
b) (fam) ( con valor ponderativo)III- cha pronombre1) (refiriéndose a cantidad, número)mucho de lo que ha dicho — much o a lot of what he has said
muchos creen que... — many (people) believe that...
2) mucho ( refiriéndose a tiempo) a long time¿falta mucho para llegar? — are we nearly there?
¿tuviste que esperar mucho? — did you have to wait long?
3) (en locs)con mucho — by far, easily
no es un buen pianista ni mucho menos — he isn't a good pianist, far from it
* * *= heavily, much, widely, a great deal, eminent + Nombre, utmost, vitally + Verbo, plenty, to any great degree, severely, lots of, rather a lot, numerable, a whole lot (of), a great deal of, a good deal of, greatly, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], extensively, a barrel/barrow load of monkeys, bags of.Ex. Regular overhaul of guiding is important, especially for the new user who may rely heavily upon it.Ex. Although the 1949 code was much longer than its predecessor, the 1908 code, it only contained rules pertaining to headings.Ex. An aggressive approach is made to publicity, with posters and leaflets distributed widely, visits to local shops, post offices, doctors surgeries etc, to drum up business, and the use of volunteers to hand out leaflets at street corners = Se inicia una campaña de publicidad enérgica, distribuyendo de forma general folletos y pósteres, visitando las tiendas, oficinas de correos y consultorías médicas de la localidad, etc., para promocionar el negocio, además de utilizar voluntarios para distribuir prospectos por las esquinas de las calles.Ex. Thus charwomen and porters in a university work in an institution where books are used a great deal but they themselves are highly unlikely to use them.Ex. 'I think it makes eminent sense, for the reasons I've outlined,' he said and started toward the door.Ex. Indeed, he must take the utmost care never to jump to conclusions.Ex. Though the reference librarian cannot enter the reference process until he receives the question from the enquirer he is vitally concerned about all of its stages.Ex. One of the great glories of books is that there are plenty to suit everybody, no matter what our taste, our mood, our intellectual ability, age or living experience.Ex. Consumer advice centres were not used to any great degree by the working classes or those groups most at risk as consumers -- the elderly, divorced, widowed and separated.Ex. Pressure on space will create the desire on the part of the editor to limit severely the length any paper being published.Ex. Though reference work is the backbone of their task, they do lots of things that are not reference work.Ex. Carlyle has been dead nearly a hundred years, but many an academic would like to agree with Carlyle even if, perhaps, universities have changed rather a lot since his day.Ex. During the past decade both groups have developed numerable measures to assess creative potential.Ex. For the libraries in Belgium CD-ROM offers a new range of possibilities and a whole lot of reference works will be searchable and much more used.Ex. As earlier sections amply demonstrate, there is a great deal of choice with regards to data bases.Ex. There is a good deal of scope for users and novice cataloguers to find difficulty in identifying the appropriate heading for many of the works which are the responsibility of corporate bodies.Ex. The computer can greatly assist in thesaurus compilation and updating.Ex. The method is sufficiently flexible to allow for wide modifications.Ex. In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.Ex. Fiction classifications are used extensively in public libraries.Ex. The landlord is as mad as a barrel load of monkeys, but a fine man and ex-soldier.Ex. His colleagues would say he's as daft as a brush, has bags of energy and enthusiasm but gets the job done.----* a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.* afectar mucho = hit + hard.* Algo a lo que hay que dedicar mucho tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].* Algo que lleva mucho tiempo de hacer = time-consuming [time consuming].* a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].* andarse con mucho cuidado = walk on + eggshells, tread + the thin line between... and.* andarse con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.* arriesgar mucho = play (for) + high stakes.* avanzar mucho = travel + a long way down the road.* bajar mucho = go + way down.* beber mucho = drink + heavily.* bebida alcohólica con muchos grados = hard drink, hard liquor.* cada vez mucho mayor = fast-increasing, exploding.* causar muchas víctimas = take + a toll on life.* como mucho = at best, at most, if at all, at the most, at the very latest.* conceder mucha importancia a = lay + great store on.* con mucha antelación = far in advance.* con mucha ceremonia = ceremoniously.* con mucha diferencia = by far.* con mucha energía = high energy.* con mucha frecuencia = very often.* con mucha información = populated.* con mucha labia = glibly, smooth-talking.* con mucha palabrería = glibly.* con mucha población = heavily populated.* con mucha pompa = ceremoniously.* con mucha prisa = without a minute to spare.* con muchas actividades = event-filled.* con muchas deudas = heavily indebted.* con muchas ilustraciones = copiously illustrated.* con muchas imágenes = image intensive.* con muchas prestaciones = feature-filled, multifacility.* con mucha vitalidad = lively [livelier -comp., liveliest -sup.].* con mucho = very much, far + Verbo, grossly, by far, by a long shot, by a long way, hands down.* con mucho ánimo = spiritedly.* con mucho bombo = ceremoniously.* con mucho contenido = information packed [information-packed].* con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.* con mucho éxito = with a wide appeal.* con mucho protocolo = ceremoniously.* con mucho público = well attended [well-attended].* con muchos acontecimientos = event-filled.* con muchos detalles = elaborately.* con muchos eventos = event-filled.* con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].* con muchos lectores = with a wide appeal.* con muchos miramientos = ceremoniously.* con mucho trabajo = painfully.* conseguir mucho = do + much.* contener mucho = be high in.* costar mucho trabajo = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.* dar mucha importancia = put + a premium on.* dar mucho en qué pensar = give + Nombre + much to think about, give + Nombre + a lot to think about.* dar mucho valor a Algo = value + Nombre + highly.* darse (muchos) aires = give + Reflexivo + such airs, aggrandise + Reflexivo.* decir mucho de Algo = speak + volumes.* de hace muchos años = long-standing.* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-term, long-lost.* dejar mucho que desear = fall (far) short of + ideal, leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.* demandar mucho esfuerzo por parte de Alguien = tax + Posesivo + imagination.* de muchas formas = in more ways than one.* de muchas maneras = in every way.* de mucho arraigo = long-established.* de mucho beneficio = high-payoff.* de mucho cuidado = badass.* de mucho provecho = high-payoff.* de muchos usos = all-purpose.* desde hace muchos años = for years.* desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], far back in time, for a long time, long since, in ages (and ages and ages).* desear mucha suerte a Alguien = wish + Nombre + the (very) best of luck.* desempeñando muchas funciones = in many capacities.* destacar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).* día de mucho calor = scorcher.* donde cabe mucho también cabe poco = what holds a lot will hold a little.* durante el transcurso de muchos años = over many years.* durante muchas horas = for many long hours.* durante muchos años = for many years, for years to come, for many years to come, over many years, for years and years (and years).* durante mucho tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], for generations, long-time [longtime], for a long time to come, for long periods of time, for a long period of time, lastingly, for a very long time, for many long hours, for a long time, in ages (and ages and ages).* durar mucho = last + long.* durar mucho rato = take + a long time.* durar mucho tiempo = last + long.* echar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.* echar mucho de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.* echar mucho en falta = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.* el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.* en muchos aspectos = in most respects.* en muchos casos = in many instances.* en muchos grupos = in many quarters.* en muchos grupos de la población = in many quarters.* en muchos sectores = in many quarters.* en muchos sectores de la población = in many quarters.* en muchos sentidos = in many ways, in many respects, in most respects, in more ways than one.* escribir mucho sobre Algo = a lot + be written about, much + be written about.* existen de muchos tipos = come in + many guises.* existir mucha diferencia entre... y... = be a far cry from... to....* faltar mucho = be a long way off.* faltar mucho (para) = there + be + a long way to go (before), have + a long way to go (before).* fue durante mucho tiempo = long remained.* ganar mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.* guardar con mucho cariño = treasure.* guardar muchas esperanzas = get + Posesivo + hopes up.* gustar mucho = come up + a treat, go down + a treat.* gustar mucho las mujeres = womanise [womanize, -USA].* gustar mucho lo dulce = have + a sweet tooth.* haber de muchos tipos = come in + all/many (sorts of) shapes and sizes.* haber recorrido mucho mundo = be well-travelled.* haber viajado mucho = be well-travelled.* hace muchas lunas = all those many moons ago, many moons ago.* hace muchos años = many years ago.* hace mucho tiempo = long since, all those many moons ago, many moons ago.* hacer mucho = do + much.* hacer mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.* hacer mucho por = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.* hacer muchos aspavientos por Algo = make + a song and dance about.* hace ya mucho tiempo que = gone are the days of.* hombre que tiene mucho mundo = a man of the world.* ir con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.* la mayoría con mucho = the vast majority of.* llenar mucho = be filling.* lo mucho que = how extensively.* mucha gente + esperar que = be widely expected.* muchas ganancias = high return.* Muchas gracias = Thank you very much.* muchas horas = long hours.* muchas otras cosas = much else.* muchas otras cosas más = much else besides.* mucha suerte = best of luck.* muchas veces = multiple times.* mucho + Adjetivo = very much + Adjetivo, significantly + Adjetivo.* mucho antes = early on.* mucho antes de = well before.* mucho + Comparativo = a good deal + Comparativo.* mucho dinero = big bucks.* mucho esfuerzo = hard work.* mucho interés = keen interest.* mucho más = order of magnitude, much more, much more so, a lot more, lots more.* mucho más + Adjetivo = all the more + Adjetivo, far + Adjetivo Comparativo.* mucho más + Adverbio/Adjetivo = far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo, far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo.* mucho más allá de = far beyond.* mucho más cerca = far closer.* mucho más de = well over + Expresión Numérica.* mucho más rápido = far faster.* mucho mayor = far greater, far larger, very much greater.* mucho mejor = far better.* mucho mejor que = far superior to.* mucho menos = a great deal less, let alone, far less.* mucho menos + Adjetivo = far + Adjetivo Comparativo.* mucho + Nombre = a lot of + Nombre, bleeding + Adjetivo/Nombre.* mucho peor = far worse.* mucho que + Infinitivo = a lot + Infinitivo.* mucho ruido y pocas nueces = much ado about nothing, storm in a teacup, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.* muchos = many, good many, many a(n).* muchos beneficios = high return.* muchos jefes y pocos trabajadores = too many chiefs and not enough Indians.* muchos más = a great many more.* muchos + Nombre = a lot of + Nombre.* mucho tiempo = long time, long periods of time, a very long time, long hours, ample time, for a long time.* mucho tiempo antes de (que) = long before.* mucho tiempo después = ages and ages hence.* mucho tiempo después (de que) = long after.* mucho trabajo = hard graft.* ni con mucho = not by a long shot.* ni mucho menos = by any stretch (of the imagination), by any means, not by a long shot.* no estar finalizado (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + completeness.* no existir muchos indicios de que = there + be + little sign of.* no haber muchas señales de que = there + be + little sign of.* no hace mucho = in the recent past.* no hace mucho tiempo = not so long ago.* Nombre + no tardará mucho en = it won't be long before + Nombre.* Nombre + no tardó mucho en = it wasn't long before + Nombre.* no mucho después = not long after.* no parar mucho en un sitio = live out of + a suitcase.* no pasar mucho tiempo antes de que + Subjuntivo = be not long before + Indicativo.* no perderse mucho = be no great loss.* pasar mucho tiempo antes de que = be a long time before.* pasar por muchas dificultades = be to hell and back.* persona con mucha ambición = social climber.* persona que ha viajado mucho = seasoned traveller.* poner mucho ahínco = try + Posesivo + heart out.* poner mucho ahínco en = put + Posesivo + heart into.* poner mucho empe = put + Posesivo + heart into.* poner mucho empeño = try + Posesivo + heart out.* poner mucho empeño en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.* poner mucho empeño por = take + (great) pains to.* poner mucho esmero por = take + (great) pains to.* por muchas razones = in many ways.* por mucho que lo + intentar = try as + Pronombre + might.* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.* prometer mucho = promise + great possibilities, bode + well.* que consume mucha CPU = CPU intensive.* que consume mucha energía = energy-intensive.* que contiene muchas imágenes = image intensive.* quedar mucho más por hacer = much more needs to be done.* quedar mucho (para) = have + a long way to go (before), there + be + a long way to go (before).* quedar mucho por conocer = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.* quedar mucho por hacer = more needs to be done, have + a long way to go.* quedar mucho por saber = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.* que deja mucho al azar = hit-or-miss.* que hay que dar muchas vueltas = circuitous.* que hay que dedicarle mucho tiempo = time-intensive.* que ocupa mucho espacio = space-consuming.* que se percibe desde hace mucho tiempo = long-felt.* que utiliza muchos recursos = resource-intensive.* quien mucho abarca poco aprieta = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.* resaltar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).* saber un poco de todo y mucho de nada = jack of all trades, master of none.* ser de mucho uso = take + Nombre + a long way.* ser mucho = be a mouthful.* ser mucho más = be all the more.* ser mucho más que = be far more than.* sin mucha antelación = at short notice.* sin mucha anticipación = at short notice.* sin mucha dificultad = painlessly.* sin muchas contemplaciones = unceremoniously.* sin muchos inconvenientes = without much grudging.* sin pensarlo mucho = off the top of + Posesivo + head.* sorprenderse mucho = eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.* tener mucha distancia que recorrer = have + a long way to go.* tener mucha personalidad = be full of character.* tener mucho camino que recorrer = have + a long way to go.* tener mucho carácter = be full of character.* tener mucho cuidado = be extra vigilant.* tener mucho éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.* tener mucho interés en = have + a high stake in.* tener mucho interés por = be keen to.* tener mucho que ver con = have + a great deal to do with.* tener mucho tiempo libre = have + plenty of time to spare.* trabajando mucho = hard at work.* trabajar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.* trabajar mucho = work + hard.* usuario que hace mucho uso del préstamo = heavy borrower.* venir de mucho tiempo atrás = go back + a long way.* Verbo + mucho = Verbo + hard.* y cuanto mucho menos = much less.* y mucho más = and much more.* y mucho menos = much less, least of all.* y mucho(s) más = and more.* * *Ia) <salir/ayudar> a lotme gusta muchísimo — I like it/her/him very much o a lot
funciona mucho mejor — it works much o a lot better
¿llueve mucho? — is it raining hard?
b) ( en respuestas)¿estás preocupado? - mucho — are you worried? - (yes, I am,) very
II¿te gusta? - sí, mucho — do you like it? - yes, very much; para locs ver mucho III 3)
- cha adjetivo1)a) (sing) a lot of; ( en negativas e interrogativas) much, a lot of¿tienes mucha hambre? — are you very hungry?
b) (pl) a lot of; ( en negativas e interrogativas) many, a lot of¿recibiste muchos regalos? — did you get many o a lot of presents?
2) (sing)a) (fam) ( con valor plural)mucho elogio pero no me lo van a publicar — they're full of praise but they're not going to publish it
b) (fam) ( con valor ponderativo)III- cha pronombre1) (refiriéndose a cantidad, número)mucho de lo que ha dicho — much o a lot of what he has said
muchos creen que... — many (people) believe that...
2) mucho ( refiriéndose a tiempo) a long time¿falta mucho para llegar? — are we nearly there?
¿tuviste que esperar mucho? — did you have to wait long?
3) (en locs)con mucho — by far, easily
no es un buen pianista ni mucho menos — he isn't a good pianist, far from it
* * *= heavily, much, widely, a great deal, eminent + Nombre, utmost, vitally + Verbo, plenty, to any great degree, severely, lots of, rather a lot, numerable, a whole lot (of), a great deal of, a good deal of, greatly, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], extensively, a barrel/barrow load of monkeys, bags of.Ex: Regular overhaul of guiding is important, especially for the new user who may rely heavily upon it.
Ex: Although the 1949 code was much longer than its predecessor, the 1908 code, it only contained rules pertaining to headings.Ex: An aggressive approach is made to publicity, with posters and leaflets distributed widely, visits to local shops, post offices, doctors surgeries etc, to drum up business, and the use of volunteers to hand out leaflets at street corners = Se inicia una campaña de publicidad enérgica, distribuyendo de forma general folletos y pósteres, visitando las tiendas, oficinas de correos y consultorías médicas de la localidad, etc., para promocionar el negocio, además de utilizar voluntarios para distribuir prospectos por las esquinas de las calles.Ex: Thus charwomen and porters in a university work in an institution where books are used a great deal but they themselves are highly unlikely to use them.Ex: 'I think it makes eminent sense, for the reasons I've outlined,' he said and started toward the door.Ex: Indeed, he must take the utmost care never to jump to conclusions.Ex: Though the reference librarian cannot enter the reference process until he receives the question from the enquirer he is vitally concerned about all of its stages.Ex: One of the great glories of books is that there are plenty to suit everybody, no matter what our taste, our mood, our intellectual ability, age or living experience.Ex: Consumer advice centres were not used to any great degree by the working classes or those groups most at risk as consumers -- the elderly, divorced, widowed and separated.Ex: Pressure on space will create the desire on the part of the editor to limit severely the length any paper being published.Ex: Though reference work is the backbone of their task, they do lots of things that are not reference work.Ex: Carlyle has been dead nearly a hundred years, but many an academic would like to agree with Carlyle even if, perhaps, universities have changed rather a lot since his day.Ex: During the past decade both groups have developed numerable measures to assess creative potential.Ex: For the libraries in Belgium CD-ROM offers a new range of possibilities and a whole lot of reference works will be searchable and much more used.Ex: As earlier sections amply demonstrate, there is a great deal of choice with regards to data bases.Ex: There is a good deal of scope for users and novice cataloguers to find difficulty in identifying the appropriate heading for many of the works which are the responsibility of corporate bodies.Ex: The computer can greatly assist in thesaurus compilation and updating.Ex: The method is sufficiently flexible to allow for wide modifications.Ex: In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.Ex: Fiction classifications are used extensively in public libraries.Ex: The landlord is as mad as a barrel load of monkeys, but a fine man and ex-soldier.Ex: His colleagues would say he's as daft as a brush, has bags of energy and enthusiasm but gets the job done.* a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.* afectar mucho = hit + hard.* Algo a lo que hay que dedicar mucho tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].* Algo que lleva mucho tiempo de hacer = time-consuming [time consuming].* a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].* andarse con mucho cuidado = walk on + eggshells, tread + the thin line between... and.* andarse con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.* arriesgar mucho = play (for) + high stakes.* avanzar mucho = travel + a long way down the road.* bajar mucho = go + way down.* beber mucho = drink + heavily.* bebida alcohólica con muchos grados = hard drink, hard liquor.* cada vez mucho mayor = fast-increasing, exploding.* causar muchas víctimas = take + a toll on life.* como mucho = at best, at most, if at all, at the most, at the very latest.* conceder mucha importancia a = lay + great store on.* con mucha antelación = far in advance.* con mucha ceremonia = ceremoniously.* con mucha diferencia = by far.* con mucha energía = high energy.* con mucha frecuencia = very often.* con mucha información = populated.* con mucha labia = glibly, smooth-talking.* con mucha palabrería = glibly.* con mucha población = heavily populated.* con mucha pompa = ceremoniously.* con mucha prisa = without a minute to spare.* con muchas actividades = event-filled.* con muchas deudas = heavily indebted.* con muchas ilustraciones = copiously illustrated.* con muchas imágenes = image intensive.* con muchas prestaciones = feature-filled, multifacility.* con mucha vitalidad = lively [livelier -comp., liveliest -sup.].* con mucho = very much, far + Verbo, grossly, by far, by a long shot, by a long way, hands down.* con mucho ánimo = spiritedly.* con mucho bombo = ceremoniously.* con mucho contenido = information packed [information-packed].* con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.* con mucho éxito = with a wide appeal.* con mucho protocolo = ceremoniously.* con mucho público = well attended [well-attended].* con muchos acontecimientos = event-filled.* con muchos detalles = elaborately.* con muchos eventos = event-filled.* con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].* con muchos lectores = with a wide appeal.* con muchos miramientos = ceremoniously.* con mucho trabajo = painfully.* conseguir mucho = do + much.* contener mucho = be high in.* costar mucho trabajo = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.* dar mucha importancia = put + a premium on.* dar mucho en qué pensar = give + Nombre + much to think about, give + Nombre + a lot to think about.* dar mucho valor a Algo = value + Nombre + highly.* darse (muchos) aires = give + Reflexivo + such airs, aggrandise + Reflexivo.* decir mucho de Algo = speak + volumes.* de hace muchos años = long-standing.* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-term, long-lost.* dejar mucho que desear = fall (far) short of + ideal, leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.* demandar mucho esfuerzo por parte de Alguien = tax + Posesivo + imagination.* de muchas formas = in more ways than one.* de muchas maneras = in every way.* de mucho arraigo = long-established.* de mucho beneficio = high-payoff.* de mucho cuidado = badass.* de mucho provecho = high-payoff.* de muchos usos = all-purpose.* desde hace muchos años = for years.* desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], far back in time, for a long time, long since, in ages (and ages and ages).* desear mucha suerte a Alguien = wish + Nombre + the (very) best of luck.* desempeñando muchas funciones = in many capacities.* destacar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).* día de mucho calor = scorcher.* donde cabe mucho también cabe poco = what holds a lot will hold a little.* durante el transcurso de muchos años = over many years.* durante muchas horas = for many long hours.* durante muchos años = for many years, for years to come, for many years to come, over many years, for years and years (and years).* durante mucho tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], for generations, long-time [longtime], for a long time to come, for long periods of time, for a long period of time, lastingly, for a very long time, for many long hours, for a long time, in ages (and ages and ages).* durar mucho = last + long.* durar mucho rato = take + a long time.* durar mucho tiempo = last + long.* echar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.* echar mucho de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.* echar mucho en falta = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.* el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.* en muchos aspectos = in most respects.* en muchos casos = in many instances.* en muchos grupos = in many quarters.* en muchos grupos de la población = in many quarters.* en muchos sectores = in many quarters.* en muchos sectores de la población = in many quarters.* en muchos sentidos = in many ways, in many respects, in most respects, in more ways than one.* escribir mucho sobre Algo = a lot + be written about, much + be written about.* existen de muchos tipos = come in + many guises.* existir mucha diferencia entre... y... = be a far cry from... to....* faltar mucho = be a long way off.* faltar mucho (para) = there + be + a long way to go (before), have + a long way to go (before).* fue durante mucho tiempo = long remained.* ganar mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.* guardar con mucho cariño = treasure.* guardar muchas esperanzas = get + Posesivo + hopes up.* gustar mucho = come up + a treat, go down + a treat.* gustar mucho las mujeres = womanise [womanize, -USA].* gustar mucho lo dulce = have + a sweet tooth.* haber de muchos tipos = come in + all/many (sorts of) shapes and sizes.* haber recorrido mucho mundo = be well-travelled.* haber viajado mucho = be well-travelled.* hace muchas lunas = all those many moons ago, many moons ago.* hace muchos años = many years ago.* hace mucho tiempo = long since, all those many moons ago, many moons ago.* hacer mucho = do + much.* hacer mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.* hacer mucho por = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.* hacer muchos aspavientos por Algo = make + a song and dance about.* hace ya mucho tiempo que = gone are the days of.* hombre que tiene mucho mundo = a man of the world.* ir con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.* la mayoría con mucho = the vast majority of.* llenar mucho = be filling.* lo mucho que = how extensively.* mucha gente + esperar que = be widely expected.* muchas ganancias = high return.* Muchas gracias = Thank you very much.* muchas horas = long hours.* muchas otras cosas = much else.* muchas otras cosas más = much else besides.* mucha suerte = best of luck.* muchas veces = multiple times.* mucho + Adjetivo = very much + Adjetivo, significantly + Adjetivo.* mucho antes = early on.* mucho antes de = well before.* mucho + Comparativo = a good deal + Comparativo.* mucho dinero = big bucks.* mucho esfuerzo = hard work.* mucho interés = keen interest.* mucho más = order of magnitude, much more, much more so, a lot more, lots more.* mucho más + Adjetivo = all the more + Adjetivo, far + Adjetivo Comparativo.* mucho más + Adverbio/Adjetivo = far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo, far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo.* mucho más allá de = far beyond.* mucho más cerca = far closer.* mucho más de = well over + Expresión Numérica.* mucho más rápido = far faster.* mucho mayor = far greater, far larger, very much greater.* mucho mejor = far better.* mucho mejor que = far superior to.* mucho menos = a great deal less, let alone, far less.* mucho menos + Adjetivo = far + Adjetivo Comparativo.* mucho + Nombre = a lot of + Nombre, bleeding + Adjetivo/Nombre.* mucho peor = far worse.* mucho que + Infinitivo = a lot + Infinitivo.* mucho ruido y pocas nueces = much ado about nothing, storm in a teacup, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.* muchos = many, good many, many a(n).* muchos beneficios = high return.* muchos jefes y pocos trabajadores = too many chiefs and not enough Indians.* muchos más = a great many more.* muchos + Nombre = a lot of + Nombre.* mucho tiempo = long time, long periods of time, a very long time, long hours, ample time, for a long time.* mucho tiempo antes de (que) = long before.* mucho tiempo después = ages and ages hence.* mucho tiempo después (de que) = long after.* mucho trabajo = hard graft.* ni con mucho = not by a long shot.* ni mucho menos = by any stretch (of the imagination), by any means, not by a long shot.* no estar finalizado (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + completeness.* no existir muchos indicios de que = there + be + little sign of.* no haber muchas señales de que = there + be + little sign of.* no hace mucho = in the recent past.* no hace mucho tiempo = not so long ago.* Nombre + no tardará mucho en = it won't be long before + Nombre.* Nombre + no tardó mucho en = it wasn't long before + Nombre.* no mucho después = not long after.* no parar mucho en un sitio = live out of + a suitcase.* no pasar mucho tiempo antes de que + Subjuntivo = be not long before + Indicativo.* no perderse mucho = be no great loss.* pasar mucho tiempo antes de que = be a long time before.* pasar por muchas dificultades = be to hell and back.* persona con mucha ambición = social climber.* persona que ha viajado mucho = seasoned traveller.* poner mucho ahínco = try + Posesivo + heart out.* poner mucho ahínco en = put + Posesivo + heart into.* poner mucho empe = put + Posesivo + heart into.* poner mucho empeño = try + Posesivo + heart out.* poner mucho empeño en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.* poner mucho empeño por = take + (great) pains to.* poner mucho esmero por = take + (great) pains to.* por muchas razones = in many ways.* por mucho que lo + intentar = try as + Pronombre + might.* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.* prometer mucho = promise + great possibilities, bode + well.* que consume mucha CPU = CPU intensive.* que consume mucha energía = energy-intensive.* que contiene muchas imágenes = image intensive.* quedar mucho más por hacer = much more needs to be done.* quedar mucho (para) = have + a long way to go (before), there + be + a long way to go (before).* quedar mucho por conocer = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.* quedar mucho por hacer = more needs to be done, have + a long way to go.* quedar mucho por saber = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.* que deja mucho al azar = hit-or-miss.* que hay que dar muchas vueltas = circuitous.* que hay que dedicarle mucho tiempo = time-intensive.* que ocupa mucho espacio = space-consuming.* que se percibe desde hace mucho tiempo = long-felt.* que utiliza muchos recursos = resource-intensive.* quien mucho abarca poco aprieta = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.* resaltar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).* saber un poco de todo y mucho de nada = jack of all trades, master of none.* ser de mucho uso = take + Nombre + a long way.* ser mucho = be a mouthful.* ser mucho más = be all the more.* ser mucho más que = be far more than.* sin mucha antelación = at short notice.* sin mucha anticipación = at short notice.* sin mucha dificultad = painlessly.* sin muchas contemplaciones = unceremoniously.* sin muchos inconvenientes = without much grudging.* sin pensarlo mucho = off the top of + Posesivo + head.* sorprenderse mucho = eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.* tener mucha distancia que recorrer = have + a long way to go.* tener mucha personalidad = be full of character.* tener mucho camino que recorrer = have + a long way to go.* tener mucho carácter = be full of character.* tener mucho cuidado = be extra vigilant.* tener mucho éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.* tener mucho interés en = have + a high stake in.* tener mucho interés por = be keen to.* tener mucho que ver con = have + a great deal to do with.* tener mucho tiempo libre = have + plenty of time to spare.* trabajando mucho = hard at work.* trabajar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.* trabajar mucho = work + hard.* usuario que hace mucho uso del préstamo = heavy borrower.* venir de mucho tiempo atrás = go back + a long way.* Verbo + mucho = Verbo + hard.* y cuanto mucho menos = much less.* y mucho más = and much more.* y mucho menos = much less, least of all.* y mucho(s) más = and more.* * *1salen mucho they go out a lotno salen mucho they don't go out much o a lot¿salen mucho? do they go out much o a lot?me ayudaron muchísimo they really helped me a lotahora funciona mucho mejor it works much o a lot better nowesto preocupa, y mucho, a los ecologistas this is a matter of great concern to ecologiststrabaja mucho he works very hard¿llueve mucho? is it raining hard?me gusta muchísimo I like it a lot o very muchpor mucho que insistas, no te va a hacer caso no matter how much you insist o however much you insist he won't listen to youpor mucho que le grites no te oye you can shout as much as you like but he won't hear youdespués de mucho discutir llegaron a un acuerdo after long discussions, they reached an agreementmucho criticar a los demás pero ella tampoco hace nada por ayudar she's forever o always criticizing others but she doesn't do anything to help either2(en respuestas): ¿estás preocupado? — mucho are you worried? — (yes, I am,) very¿te gusta? — sí, mucho do you like it? — yes, very muchA1 ( sing) a lot of; (en negativas e interrogativas) much, a lot oftiene mucha vitamina C it contains a lot of vitamin Cno le tienen mucho respeto they don't have much o a lot of respect for himhabía mucha gente there were lots of o a lot of people theresucedió hace mucho tiempo it happened a long time ago¿tienes mucha hambre? are you very hungry?una ciudad con mucha vida nocturna a city with plenty of night life2 (pl) a lot of; (en negativas e interrogativas) many, a lot of¿recibiste muchos regalos? did you get many o a lot of presents?sus muchas obligaciones le impidieron asistir his many commitments prevented him from attendingmuchos niños pasan hambre many children go hungryseis hijos son muchos six children's a lotsomos muchos there are a lot of usB ( sing)1 ( fam)(con valor plural): mucho elogio, mucho cumplido pero no me lo van a publicar they're full of praise and compliments but they're not going to publish ithoy día hay mucho sinvergüenza por ahí these days there are a lot of rogues around2 ( fam)(con valor ponderativo): era mucho jugador para un equipo tan mediocre he was much too good a player for a mediocre team like thatA(refiriéndose a cantidad, número): mucho de lo que ha dicho es falso much o a lot of what he has said is untruetengo mucho que hacer I have a lot to dosi no es mucho pedir if it's not too much to askmuchos creen que … many (people) believe that …muchos son los llamados pero pocos los elegidos ( Bib) many are called but few are chosenBmucho (refiriéndose a tiempo) a long timehace mucho que no vamos al teatro we haven't been to the theater for a long time o for ages¿falta mucho para llegar? are we nearly there?, is it much further?¿tuviste que esperar mucho? did you have to wait long?mucho antes de conocerte long o a long time before I met youC ( en locs):como mucho at (the) mostcostará unos 30 dólares como mucho it probably costs about 30 dollars at (the) mostcon mucho by far, easilyfue, con mucho, la mejor de la clase she was by far o easily the best in the class, she was the best in the class, by farcuando mucho at (the) mostni mucho menos: no pretendo aconsejarte ni mucho menos I'm in no way trying to give you adviceno es un buen pianista ni mucho menos he isn't a good pianist, far from it* * *
mucho 1 adverbio
‹ trabajar› hard;◊ no salen mucho they don't go out much o a lot;
me gusta muchísimo I like it very much o a lot;
mucho mejor a lot better;
por mucho que insistas no matter how much you insist;
después de mucho discutir after much discussionb) ( en respuestas):◊ ¿estás preocupado? — mucho are you worried? — (yes, I am,) very;
¿te gusta? — sí, mucho do you like it? — yes, very much
mucho 2◊ - cha adjetivo
(en oraciones negativas, interrogativas) much, a lot of;
no gano mucho dinero I don't earn much o a lot of money;
¿ves mucha televisión? do you watch much o a lot of television;
tiene mucha hambre he's very hungryb) (pl) many, a lot of;◊ había muchos extranjeros/muchas personas allí there were many o a lot of foreigners/people there;
hace muchos años many years ago
■ pronombre
1 ( referido a cantidad)
( en oraciones negativas) much;
tengo mucho que hacer I have a lot to do;
eso no es mucho that's not much;
no queda mucha there isn't much left
◊ muchos creen que … many (people) believe that …;
muchos de nosotros many of us
2◊ muchoa) ( referido a tiempo):
¿te falta mucho para terminar? will it take you long to finish?;
mucho antes long before;
¿tuviste que esperar mucho? did you have to wait long?b) ( en locs)
con mucho by far, easily;
ni mucho menos far from it;
por mucho que … however much …
mucho,-a
I adj indef
1 (abundante, numeroso) (en frases afirmativas) a lot of, lots of
mucha comida, a lot of food
muchos animales, lots of animals
(en frases negativas) much, many pl: no queda mucho azúcar, there isn't much sugar left
no conozco muchos sitios, I don't know many places
2 (intenso) very: tengo mucho calor/miedo, I'm very hot/scared
hizo mucho esfuerzo, he made a great effort
3 (demasiado) es mucha responsabilidad, it's too much responsibility
II pron
1 a lot, a great deal, many: muchos fuimos al baile, many/lots of us went to the dance
muchos de nosotros/vosotros, many of us/you
de ésos tengo muchos, I've got lots of those
III adverbio
1 (cantidad) a lot, very much: me arrepentí mucho, I was very sorry
2 (tiempo) hace mucho que desapareció, he went missing a long time ago
hace mucho que estamos aquí, we have been here for a long time
(a menudo) often: vamos mucho al cine, we go to the cinema quite often
♦ Locuciones: como mucho, at the most
con mucho, by far
¡ni mucho menos!, no way!
por mucho (que), however much
Recuerda que el singular es much, el plural es many, y que estas dos palabras se suelen usar en frases negativas (no tengo demasiado tiempo, I haven't got much time), mientras que a lot (of) y lots (of) se encuentran en frases afirmativas: Tengo mucho dinero. I've got a lot of/lots of money. En frases interrogativas se usa tanto much y many como a lot o lots of: ¿Tienes mucho dinero?, Have you got much/ a lot of/lots of money? Sin embargo, en preguntas que empiezan por how sólo puedes emplear much o many: ¿Cuánto dinero tienes?, How much money have you got?
' mucho' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abandonarse
- abrigar
- abultar
- achicharrar
- achicharrarse
- acoger
- adelantar
- adentro
- adorar
- afear
- afecta
- afectar
- afecto
- agradecer
- alejarse
- antes
- aparato
- aprecio
- aprovechar
- ascendiente
- avejentarse
- avenida
- avenido
- bailar
- bastante
- boato
- bombo
- brío
- cacarear
- caché
- cachet
- calor
- carácter
- cariño
- carrete
- cascar
- cervical
- chapar
- chiflar
- cocerse
- coco
- comer
- contraponer
- costar
- cuando
- de
- deber
- decaer
- decir
- defraudar
English:
ability
- ado
- afraid
- age
- ago
- agony
- all-out
- alone
- anywhere
- around
- as
- attract
- attuned to
- backlog
- badly
- bake
- balance
- be
- best
- booze
- bulky
- busywork
- capital
- cautious
- chalk
- challenging
- charisma
- come along
- come into
- commotion
- concern
- deal
- dear
- demand
- devoted
- difficult
- do
- dog days
- doing
- easily
- emotional
- enthusiastic
- esteem
- exhilarate
- experience
- extravagant
- fancy
- far
- fat
- few
* * *mucho, -a♦ adj1. [gran cantidad de] a lot of;comemos mucho pescado/mucha verdura we eat a lot of fish/vegetables;había mucha gente there were a lot of people there;producen muchos residuos they produce a lot of waste;tengo muchos más/menos amigos que tú I've got a lot more/fewer friends than you;no tengo mucho tiempo I haven't got much o a lot of time;no nos quedan muchas entradas we haven't got many o a lot of tickets left;¿hay muchas cosas que hacer? are there a lot of things to do?, is there much to do?;no tengo muchas ganas de ir I don't really o much feel like going;tengo mucho sueño I'm very sleepy;hoy hace mucho calor it's very hot today;hace mucho tiempo a long time ago;¡mucha suerte! the best of luck!;¡muchas gracias! thank you very much!mucha sal me parece que le estás echando I think you're overdoing the salt a bit, I think you're adding a bit too much salt;ésta es mucha casa para mí this house is much too big for me;Fames mucho hombre he's a real man;es mucho coche para un conductor novato it's far too powerful a car for an inexperienced driver;es mucha mujer para ti she's out of your league!;Fammucho lujo y mucho camarero trajeado pero la comida es horrible it's all very luxurious and full of smartly dressed waiters, but the food's terrible♦ pron(singular) a lot;* * *I adjmuch;mucho tiempo a lot of time;no tengo mucho tiempo I don’t have a lot of time o much time;tengo mucho frío I am very cold;es mucho coche para mí this car’s too much for memany;muchos amigos a lot of friends;no tengo muchos amigos I don’t have a lot of friends o many friendsII pronmuch;no tengo mucho I don’t have much o a lotmany;no tengo muchos I don’t have many o a lot;muchos creen que … a lot of people o many people think that …III advmuch;¿cuesta mucho? does it cost a lot o much?;nos vemos mucho we see each other often o a lot;hace mucho que no te veo I haven’t seen you for a long time;¿dura/tarda mucho? does it last/take long?2:como mucho at the most;dan mucho de sí you can do a lot in 10 months;no es ni con mucho he is far from being …;ni mucho menos far from it;por mucho que however much* * *mucho adv1) : much, a lotmucho más: much morele gusta mucho: he likes it a lot2) : long, a long timetardó mucho en venir: he was a long time getting here3)por mucho que : no matter how much1) : a lot of, many, muchmucha gente: a lot of peoplehace mucho tiempo que no lo veo: I haven't seen him in ages2)muchas veces : often1) : a lot, many, muchhay mucho que hacer: there is a lot to domuchas no vinieron: many didn't come2)cuando mucho orcomo mucho : at most3)con mucho : by far4)ni mucho menos : not at all, far from it* * *mucho1 adj1. (en general) a lot of / lots oflee muchos libros he reads a lot of books lots of es lo mismo que a lot of, pero un poco más familiarcomo mucho queso I eat lots of cheese Much es singular y suele sustituir a lot of en frases negativas e interrogativas¿ganas mucho dinero? do you earn much money? many es plural y suele sustituir a lot of en frases negativas e interrogativas¿marcaste muchos goles? did you score many goals?2. (otras expresiones) verymucho2 adv1. (en general) a lotlo siento mucho I'm very sorry / I'm really sorry2. (comparaciones) much3. (mucho tiempo) a long timeno está acabado, ni mucho menos it is far from finishedmucho3 pron1. (en singular frases afirmativas) a lot2. (en singular frases negativas e interrogativas) much / a lot3. (con plurales) many / a lot -
10 pesado
adj.1 heavy, weighty.2 sluggish, heavy.3 boring, pestiferous, tiresome, pestilent.4 snobby, pretentious.f. & m.snob, nuisance, bore.past part.past participle of spanish verb: pesar.* * *1→ link=pesar pesar► adjetivo1 (gen) heavy2 (molesto) tiresome; (aburrido) boring3 (trabajoso) tough, hard4 (sueño) deep► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 (persona) bore, pain\ponerse pesado,-a to get boring, be a pain* * *1. (f. - pesada)nounbore, pest2. (f. - pesada)adj.1) heavy2) difficult3) boring* * *pesado, -a1. ADJ1) [paquete, comida] heavy2) (=lento) [persona] slow, sluggish; [mecanismo] stiff3) (Meteo) heavy, sultry4) [sueño] deep, heavy5) (Med) heavytener el estómago pesado — to feel bloated, feel full up
6) [tarea] (=difícil) tough, hard; (=aburrido) tedious, boring; (=molesto) annoying; [lectura] heavy, stodgyese me cae pesado — Caribe, Méx * that chap gets on my nerves *
es pesado tener que... — it's such a bore having to...
¡no seas pesado! — stop being such a pain!
2. SM / F1) (=aburrido) bore2) Caribe * (=pez gordo) big shot *3.SM (=acto) weighing* * *I- da adjetivo1)a) <paquete/artillería/maquinaria> heavyc) <atmósfera/tiempo> heavy, oppressived) <ojos/cabeza> heavytengo las piernas pesadas — my legs feel very heavy
e) < sueño> deep2) (fam) (fastidioso, aburrido)a) <libro/película/trabajo> tediousb) < persona>qué pesado, nunca no me deja en paz! — he's such a pest, he never leaves me alone (colloq)
no te pongas pesado — don't be so annoying o (colloq) such a pest!
3) (Andes fam) ( antipático) unpleasantIIqué tipo tan pesado! — what a jerk! (colloq)
- da masculino, femeninoa) (fam) ( latoso) pain (colloq), pest (colloq)b) (Andes fam) ( antipático) jerk (colloq)* * *I- da adjetivo1)a) <paquete/artillería/maquinaria> heavyc) <atmósfera/tiempo> heavy, oppressived) <ojos/cabeza> heavytengo las piernas pesadas — my legs feel very heavy
e) < sueño> deep2) (fam) (fastidioso, aburrido)a) <libro/película/trabajo> tediousb) < persona>qué pesado, nunca no me deja en paz! — he's such a pest, he never leaves me alone (colloq)
no te pongas pesado — don't be so annoying o (colloq) such a pest!
3) (Andes fam) ( antipático) unpleasantIIqué tipo tan pesado! — what a jerk! (colloq)
- da masculino, femeninoa) (fam) ( latoso) pain (colloq), pest (colloq)b) (Andes fam) ( antipático) jerk (colloq)* * *pesado11 = heavy [heavier -comp., heaviest -sup.].Ex: The heap of wet sheets of paper was left to stand overnight under a heavy weight.
* caminar con paso pesado = plod (along/through).* industria pesada = heavy industry.* maquinaria pesada = heavy machinery.* para trabajos pesados = heavy-duty.* peso pesado = big wheel, big shot, big noise, big wig, fat cat.* tráfico pesado = heavy traffic.* vehículo pesado = heavy vehicle.pesado22 = onerous, ponderous, tedious, tiresome, weighty, bore, drab, stodgy, wearisome, weary [wearier -comp., weariest -sup.], wearying, importunate, leaden, nuisance, pushy [pushier -comp., pushiest -sup.], pest.Ex: Sub-arrangement under an entry term can alleviate the onerous task of scanning long lists of entries under the same keyword.
Ex: Some SLIS are seriously affected by ponderous administrative procedures imposed upon them.Ex: In other places too many references could make for a very tedious search.Ex: Some of their drawbacks make regular use rather tiresome.Ex: AACR1 is a weighty code, not because it contains extensive enumeration, but rather because of its comprehensive coverage.Ex: It is when speakers have no feeling for pause that their speech seems to burble on without any arresting quality; the club bore is a burbler: he has not learnt the eloquence of silence.Ex: Have reading foisted on you as a duty, a task to be put up with, from which you expect no delight, and it can appear a drab business gladly to be given up.Ex: One could easily prefer the convenience of the stodgy single-volume work.Ex: The earliest binding machines replaced the wearisome hand-beating of the sheets in order to fold them.Ex: Humanity is returning to the downsized, reengineered, total quality management weary business world.Ex: A new wave of books dealing frankly with such concerns as sex, alcoholism and broken homes was seen as a breakthrough, but plots and styles have begun to show a wearying sameness.Ex: She concludes that this problem probes the importunate boundaries separating man from beast and the natural from the monstrous.Ex: Many of the revisions they suggest exacerbate the leaden, plethoric style that comes naturally to lawyers.Ex: However, delays in the generation of centralised records can be a considerable nuisance.Ex: Parents can help the development of a child prodigy in an infinite number of ways, ranging from the attentive but not too pushy to the downright obsessive.Ex: Library users fall into 4 groups: (1) patrons, who are considerate, grateful and undemanding; (2) 'pests' -- the inconsiderate; (3) 'pirates' who steal, deface and mutilate library property and materials; (4) 'vampires' whose enquiries make excessive demands upon the librarian's time.* broma pesada = practical joke.* de un modo aburrido y pesado = tediously, ponderously, boringly.* hacer (todo) el trabajo pesado = do (all) + the donkey work.* lento y pesado = plodding.* pesados, los = nuisance, the.* ser un pesado = be a pest, be a pain the neck, be a pain in the ass, be a pain in the arse, be a pain in the backside, be a pain in the proverbials.* trabajo pesado = donkey work.* viejo pesado = old fart.* * *A1 ‹paquete/maleta› heavy; ‹artillería/maquinaria› heavy2 ‹comida› heavy, stodgy ( colloq); ‹estómago› bloatedme siento pesado después de haber comido tanto I feel bloated after all that food3 ‹atmósfera/tiempo› heavy, oppressive, sultry4 ‹ojos/cabeza› heavytengo las piernas pesadas my legs feel very heavy o like lead5 ‹sueño› deepB1 ( fam) (fastidioso, aburrido) ‹libro/película/conferencia› tedious¡qué pesado es! he's such a pain in the neck! ( colloq)¡qué pesado, no me deja en paz ni un minuto! what a pest, he won't leave me alone for a minute ( colloq)los niños están muy pesados the children are being really annoying o ( colloq) being real pests2 ( fam) ‹tarea/trabajo› (monótono) tedious¡qué tipo tan pesado! what a jerk! ( colloq)masculine, feminineeres un pesado, deja ya de molestar you're such a pain in the neck, stop annoying me ( colloq)C( Col fam) (mandamás): quiero hablar con el pesado I want to speak to the top man o the boss ( colloq)es uno de los pesados he's one of the bigwigs o the top men ( colloq)* * *
Del verbo pesar: ( conjugate pesar)
pesado es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
pesado
pesar
pesado◊ -da adjetivo
1 ( en general) heavy;
‹ estómago› bloated;
‹ sueño› deep
2
‹ persona›:◊ ¡qué pesado es! he's such a pain in the neck! (colloq);
no te pongas pesado don't be so annoying o (colloq) such a pest!
3 (Andes fam) ( antipático) unpleasant;◊ ¡qué tipo tan pesado! what a jerk! (colloq)
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
pesar 1 sustantivo masculino
1
a pesado mío or muy a mi pesado much to my regret
2
a pesado de todo in spite of o despite everything;
a pesar de que even though
pesar 2 ( conjugate pesar) verbo intransitivo
1 [paquete/maleta] to be heavy;
no me pesa it's not heavy
2 ( causar arrepentimiento) (+ me/te/le etc):
me pesa haberlo ofendido I'm very sorry I offended him
3
pese a que even though;
mal que me/le pese whether I like/he likes it or not
verbo transitivo
‹ manzanas› to weigh (out)
pesarse verbo pronominal ( refl) to weigh oneself
pesado,-a
I adjetivo
1 (un objeto) heavy
2 (sueño) deep, heavy
3 (trabajo) hard
4 (viaje) tiring
5 (aburrido, molesto) boring, tedious, dull
II sustantivo masculino y femenino pain, pest
pesar
I verbo intransitivo
1 (tener peso físico) to weigh: esa carne pesa dos kilos, that meat weighs two kilos
2 (tener peso psíquico) to have influence: sus opiniones aún pesan en el grupo, his opinions still carry weight in the group
3 (causar arrepentimiento, dolor) to grieve: me pesa no haber ido con vosotros, I regret not having gone with you
II vtr (determinar un peso) to weigh
III sustantivo masculino
1 (pena, pesadumbre) sorrow, grief
2 (remordimiento) regret
♦ Locuciones: a pesar de, in spite of
a pesar de que, although ➣ Ver nota en aunque
' pesado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aliviar
- cargar
- demasiada
- demasiado
- engorrosa
- engorroso
- leve
- más
- pesada
- petardo
- plomo
- sueño
- tostón
- atorrante
- chinche
- hacer
- latoso
- machacón
- muerto
- peso
- rock
English:
aggravating
- awkward
- bore
- boring
- bothersome
- cumbersome
- drag
- dreary
- going
- grind
- heavy
- heavyweight
- hefty
- laboured
- leaden
- lengthy
- lug
- neck
- nuisance
- objectionable
- pain
- pest
- plod
- sleeper
- stodgy
- tiresome
- trying
- weighty
- annoying
- close
- HGV
- muggy
- onerous
- pall
- ponderous
- top
- unwieldy
- weight
* * *pesado, -a♦ adj1. [que pesa] heavy2. [industria, maquinaria] heavy3. [tiempo, día] oppressive;el día está pesado it's very close today4. [comida] heavy, stodgy5. [ojos, cabeza] heavy;tengo el estómago pesado I feel bloated6. [sueño] deep7. [lento] slow-moving;un hombre de andares pesados a man with a ponderous gait8. [tarea, trabajo] difficult, tough9. [aburrido] boring10. [molesto] annoying, tiresome;¡qué pesada eres! you're so annoying!;ponerse pesado to be a pain;Fam¡eres más pesado que una vaca en brazos! you're such a pain in the neck!♦ nm,fbore, pain* * *I adj1 objeto heavy3 trabajo tough fam, difficultII m, pesada f bore;¡qué pesado es! fam he’s a real pain fam* * *pesado, -da adj1) : heavy2) : slow3) : irritating, annoying4) : tedious, boring5) : tough, difficult* * *pesado1 adj2. (aburrido) boringpesado2 n pain¡qué pesado eres! what a pain you are! -
11 molesto
adj.1 annoying, cumbersome, bothersome, embarrassing.2 upset, irritated, angry, annoyed.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: molestar.* * *► adjetivo1 annoying, troublesome2 (enfadado) annoyed3 (incómodo) uncomfortable4 MEDICINA sore■ los puntos ya han cicatrizado, pero todavía está molesto the stitches have healed, but he's still sore\estar molesto,-a con alguien to be upset with somebodyser molesto to be a nuisance* * *(f. - molesta)adj.1) annoyed, bothered2) annoying, bothersome* * *ADJ1) (=que causa molestia) [tos, picor, ruido, persona] irritating, annoying; [olor, síntoma] unpleasantes una persona muy molesta — he's a very irritating o annoying person
es sumamente molesto que... — it's extremely irritating o annoying that...
una sensación bastante molesta — quite an uncomfortable o unpleasant feeling
lo único molesto es el viaje — the only nuisance is the journey, the only annoying thing is the journey
si no es molesto para usted — if it's no trouble to you o no bother for you
2) (=que incomoda) [asiento, ropa] uncomfortable; [tarea] annoying; [situación] awkward, embarrassing3) (=incómodo) [persona] uncomfortableme sentía molesto en la fiesta — I felt uneasy o uncomfortable at the party
me siento molesto cada vez que me hace un regalo — I feel awkward o embarrassed whenever she gives me a present
estaba molesto por la inyección — he was in some discomfort o pain after the injection
4) (=enfadado) [persona] annoyed¿estás molesto conmigo por lo que dije? — are you annoyed at me for what I said?
5) (=disgustado) [persona] upset¿estás molesta por algo que haya pasado? — are you upset about something that's happened?
* * *- ta adjetivo1)a) [SER] ( fastidioso) <ruido/tos> annoying, irritating; <sensación/síntoma> unpleasantresulta molesto tener que viajar con tantos bultos — it's a nuisance o it's very inconvenient having to travel with so much baggage
b) [ESTAR] (incómodo, dolorido)c) [SER] (violento, embarazoso) awkward, embarrassingestá muy molesto por lo que hiciste — he's very upset/annoyed about what you did
* * *= annoying, cumbersome, onerous, uncomfortable, uneasy, vexatious, irksome, vexing, untoward, disruptive, gnawing, pesky [peskier -comp., peskiest -sup.], distracting, off-putting, ill-at-ease, nagging, obtrusive, importunate, bothersome, exasperated, niggling, miffed, troublesome.Ex. Inconsistencies are mostly merely annoying, although it can be difficult to be sure whether a group of citations which look similar all relate to the same document.Ex. Any shelf arrangement systems which do not permit ready location of specific documents are cumbersome for the user or member of staff seeking a specific document.Ex. Sub-arrangement under an entry term can alleviate the onerous task of scanning long lists of entries under the same keyword.Ex. And making matters worse, this uncomfortable group sat in a suburban sitting-room flooded with afternoon sunlight like dutifully polite guests at a formal coffee party.Ex. Hawthorne gave an uneasy laugh, which was merely the outlet for her disappointment.Ex. It is undeniable that the ripest crop of vexatious litigants, pyramidologists, and assorted harmless drudges is to be gathered in the great general libraries of our major cities.Ex. The old common press was a brilliant and deservedly successful invention, but by the end of the eighteenth century its limitations were beginning to seem irksome.Ex. Knowing precisely who is responsible for specific library services and who will make decisions relieves the uncertainty that can be particularly vexing to a neophyte (and paralyzing to library services).Ex. Make sure everyone involved is aware of timetable and room changes and any other administrative abnormalities; and as far as possible prevent any untoward interruptions.Ex. The crisis in South African education -- particularly black education -- has resulted from the disruptive effects of apartheid.Ex. the underlying mood of the movement is a gnawing impatience with the system.Ex. The article is entitled 'Small solutions to everyday problems: those pesky URLs'.Ex. I think that Mr. Scilken's point was that there's so much material on the traditional three-by-five card that it's less useful, that it's distracting, in fact, and does a disservice to the public library.Ex. Some children are prepared to patronize the shop, and use it in quite a different way, when they find the library (however well run) stuffy or off-putting.Ex. One quite serious barrier to improvement is the reluctance of users to tell librarians of their feelings, but perhaps it is expecting too much of them to complain that they are ill-at-ease.Ex. With inflated prices, the nagging question was whether consumers were being bilked by the market.Ex. But the present revision, incorporating ISBD, will literally clutter the entries with obtrusive redundancies and esoterics that will only obscure the content of the entries and obstruct the use of the catalog.Ex. She concludes that this problem probes the importunate boundaries separating man from beast and the natural from the monstrous.Ex. He shows a masterly command of imagery throughout, but his style has always left little margin for error, and the errors here are bothersome.Ex. He was drumming on his desk with exasperated fingers, his mouth quirked at the corners, as if saying: 'Wriggle out of that!'.Ex. I always have this niggling doubt about companies that don't provide a telephone number on their websites.Ex. These are just superfluous rantings of miffed children.Ex. Measures to prevent such incidents include fitting burglar alarms in libraries and taking quick and decisive action against troublesome users.----* comportamiento molesto = disruptive behaviour.* de un modo molesto = annoyingly.* espíritu molesto = poltergeist.* estar molesto = be displeased, get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, put off.* lo molesto de = cumbersomeness.* personas molestas, las = nuisance, the.* sentirse molesto = stir + uneasily, look + uncomfortable, feel + wrong.* sentirse molesto por = be embarrassed at.* ser algo molesto = be a thorn in + Posesivo + side.* ser molesto = be disturbing.* verdad molesta = inconvenient truth.* * *- ta adjetivo1)a) [SER] ( fastidioso) <ruido/tos> annoying, irritating; <sensación/síntoma> unpleasantresulta molesto tener que viajar con tantos bultos — it's a nuisance o it's very inconvenient having to travel with so much baggage
b) [ESTAR] (incómodo, dolorido)c) [SER] (violento, embarazoso) awkward, embarrassingestá muy molesto por lo que hiciste — he's very upset/annoyed about what you did
* * *= annoying, cumbersome, onerous, uncomfortable, uneasy, vexatious, irksome, vexing, untoward, disruptive, gnawing, pesky [peskier -comp., peskiest -sup.], distracting, off-putting, ill-at-ease, nagging, obtrusive, importunate, bothersome, exasperated, niggling, miffed, troublesome.Ex: Inconsistencies are mostly merely annoying, although it can be difficult to be sure whether a group of citations which look similar all relate to the same document.
Ex: Any shelf arrangement systems which do not permit ready location of specific documents are cumbersome for the user or member of staff seeking a specific document.Ex: Sub-arrangement under an entry term can alleviate the onerous task of scanning long lists of entries under the same keyword.Ex: And making matters worse, this uncomfortable group sat in a suburban sitting-room flooded with afternoon sunlight like dutifully polite guests at a formal coffee party.Ex: Hawthorne gave an uneasy laugh, which was merely the outlet for her disappointment.Ex: It is undeniable that the ripest crop of vexatious litigants, pyramidologists, and assorted harmless drudges is to be gathered in the great general libraries of our major cities.Ex: The old common press was a brilliant and deservedly successful invention, but by the end of the eighteenth century its limitations were beginning to seem irksome.Ex: Knowing precisely who is responsible for specific library services and who will make decisions relieves the uncertainty that can be particularly vexing to a neophyte (and paralyzing to library services).Ex: Make sure everyone involved is aware of timetable and room changes and any other administrative abnormalities; and as far as possible prevent any untoward interruptions.Ex: The crisis in South African education -- particularly black education -- has resulted from the disruptive effects of apartheid.Ex: the underlying mood of the movement is a gnawing impatience with the system.Ex: The article is entitled 'Small solutions to everyday problems: those pesky URLs'.Ex: I think that Mr. Scilken's point was that there's so much material on the traditional three-by-five card that it's less useful, that it's distracting, in fact, and does a disservice to the public library.Ex: Some children are prepared to patronize the shop, and use it in quite a different way, when they find the library (however well run) stuffy or off-putting.Ex: One quite serious barrier to improvement is the reluctance of users to tell librarians of their feelings, but perhaps it is expecting too much of them to complain that they are ill-at-ease.Ex: With inflated prices, the nagging question was whether consumers were being bilked by the market.Ex: But the present revision, incorporating ISBD, will literally clutter the entries with obtrusive redundancies and esoterics that will only obscure the content of the entries and obstruct the use of the catalog.Ex: She concludes that this problem probes the importunate boundaries separating man from beast and the natural from the monstrous.Ex: He shows a masterly command of imagery throughout, but his style has always left little margin for error, and the errors here are bothersome.Ex: He was drumming on his desk with exasperated fingers, his mouth quirked at the corners, as if saying: 'Wriggle out of that!'.Ex: I always have this niggling doubt about companies that don't provide a telephone number on their websites.Ex: These are just superfluous rantings of miffed children.Ex: Measures to prevent such incidents include fitting burglar alarms in libraries and taking quick and decisive action against troublesome users.* comportamiento molesto = disruptive behaviour.* de un modo molesto = annoyingly.* espíritu molesto = poltergeist.* estar molesto = be displeased, get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, put off.* lo molesto de = cumbersomeness.* personas molestas, las = nuisance, the.* sentirse molesto = stir + uneasily, look + uncomfortable, feel + wrong.* sentirse molesto por = be embarrassed at.* ser algo molesto = be a thorn in + Posesivo + side.* ser molesto = be disturbing.* verdad molesta = inconvenient truth.* * *molesto -taA1 [ SER](fastidioso): tengo una tos sumamente molesta I have o I've got a really irritating o annoying coughes una sensación muy molesta it's a very uncomfortable o unpleasant feelingno es grave, pero los síntomas son muy molestos it's nothing serious, but the symptoms are very unpleasantla máquina hace un ruido de lo más molesto the machine makes a very irritating o annoying o tiresome noise¡es tan molesto que te estén interrumpiendo cada cinco minutos! it's so annoying o trying o tiresome o irritating when people keep interrupting you every five minutesresulta muy molesto tener que viajar con tantos bultos it's a real nuisance o it's very inconvenient having to travel with so much baggage¿podría abrir la ventana, si no es molesto? would you be so kind as to open the window?2 [ ESTAR](incómodo, dolorido): está bastante molesto he's in some painpasó la noche bastante molesto he had a rather uncomfortable nightestá molesto por la anestesia he's in some discomfort because of the anesthetic3 [ SER] (violento, embarazoso) awkwardes una situación muy molesta it's a very awkward o embarrassing situationme hace sentir muy molesta que esté constantemente regalándome cosas it's very embarrassing the way she's always giving me presents, she's always giving me presents, and it makes me feel very awkward o embarrassedme resulta muy molesto tener que trabajar con ella cuando no nos hablamos I find it awkward working with her when we're not even on speaking termsB [ ESTAR] (ofendido) upsetestá molesto con ellos porque no fueron a su boda he's upset o put out o peeved because they didn't go to his weddingestá muy molesto por lo que hiciste he's very upset about what you did* * *
Del verbo molestar: ( conjugate molestar)
molesto es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
molestó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
molestar
molesto
molestó
molestar ( conjugate molestar) verbo transitivo
1
◊ perdone que lo moleste sorry to trouble o bother you
2 (ofender, disgustar) to upset
verbo intransitivo
1 ( importunar):◊ ¿le molesta si fumo? do you mind if I smoke?;
me molesta su arrogancia her arrogance irritates o annoys me;
no me duele, pero me molesta it doesn't hurt but it's uncomfortable
2 ( fastidiar) to be a nuisance;◊ no quiero molesto I don't want to be a nuisance o to cause any trouble
molestarse verbo pronominal
1 ( disgustarse) to get upset;
molestose POR algo to get upset about sth;
molestose CON algn to get annoyed with sb
2 ( tomarse el trabajo) to bother, trouble oneself (frml);
se molestó en venir hasta aquí a avisarnos she took the trouble to come all this way to tell us
molesto◊ -ta adjetivo
1 [SER]
‹sensación/síntoma› unpleasant
2 [ESTAR] ( ofendido) upset;
( irritado) annoyed;◊ está muy molesto por lo que hiciste he's very upset/annoyed about what you did
molestar verbo transitivo
1 (causar enojo, incomodidad) to disturb, bother: ¿le molestaría contestar a unas preguntas?, would you mind answering some questions?
me molesta que grites, it annoys me when you shout
2 (causar dolor, incomodidad) to hurt
molesto,-a adjetivo
1 (incómodo) uncomfortable: me encuentro algo molesto después de esa metedura de pata, I feel uncomfortable after that gaffe
2 (fastidioso) annoying, pestering: es un ruido muy molesto, it's an annoying noise
3 (enfadado, disgustado) annoyed o cross: ¿no estarás molesta por lo que he dicho?, you're not upset about what I said, are you?
' molesto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acalorada
- acalorado
- disgustarse
- enojosa
- enojoso
- fastidiada
- fastidiado
- molesta
- molestarse
- pesada
- pesado
- poca
- poco
- puñetera
- puñetero
- sacudir
- suplicio
- fastidioso
- fregado
- latoso
- molestar
- mosqueado
English:
annoying
- bother
- hot
- imposition
- irksome
- irritating
- miffed
- obtrusive
- off-putting
- peeved
- troublesome
- uncomfortable
- unwelcome
- would
- intrusive
- put
- uneasy
* * *molesto, -a adj1.[moscas] to be a nuisance; [calor, humo, sensación] to be unpleasant; [ropa, zapato] to be uncomfortable;ser molesto [incordiante] [costumbre, tos, ruido] to be annoying;es muy molesto tener que mandar callar constantemente it's very annoying to have to be constantly telling you to be quiet;tengo un dolor molesto en la espalda I've got an ache in my back which is causing me some discomfort2.[pregunta] to be awkwardser molesto [inoportuno] [visita, llamada] to be inconvenient;3.ser molesto [embarazoso] to be embarrassing;esta situación empieza a resultarme un poco molesta this situation is beginning to make me feel a bit uncomfortable4.estar molesto [irritado] to be rather upset;está molesta porque no la invitamos a la fiesta she's upset because we didn't invite her to the party;están molestos por sus declaraciones they are upset by what he has been saying5.estar molesto [con malestar, incomodidad] [por la fiebre, el dolor] to be in some discomfort;no tenía que haber comido tanto, ahora estoy molesto I shouldn't have eaten so much, it's made me feel rather unwell;¿no estás molesto con tanta ropa? aren't you uncomfortable in all those clothes?* * *adj1 ( fastidioso) annoying2 ( incómodo) inconvenient3 ( embarazoso) embarrassing* * *molesto, -ta adj1) enojado: bothered, annoyed2) fastidioso: bothersome, annoying* * *molesto adj1. (que fastidia) annoying2. (disgustado) annoyed -
12 integrar
v.1 to integrate (gen) & (Mat).2 to make up.* * *1 (formar) to make up■ ¿qué países integran las Naciones Unidas? which countries make up the United Nations?2 (ayudar a la integración) to integrate, fit in■ es un grupo difícil de integrar en nuestra sociedad it's a group which is to integrate into our society1 to integrate\integrarse en un país to become integrated into a country* * *verb* * *1. VT1) (=componer) to make up2) (=incorporar) [+ funciones, servicios] to incorporate, includeeste programa integra diversas funciones — this program incorporates o includes various functions
han integrado bien los muebles en el resto de la decoración — they have integrated o incorporated the furniture very well into the rest of the decor
un programa para integrar a los presos en el mercado laboral — a programme to integrate prisoners into the labour market
quieren integrar a su club en la federación deportiva — they want their club to become a member of o join the sports federation
3) (Mat) to integrate4) (Econ) (=reembolsar) to repay, reimburse; Cono Sur (=pagar) to pay up2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( formar) <grupo/organización> to make up2) ( incorporar) <idea/plan> to incorporate3) (Mat, Sociol) to integrate4) (CS) <suma/cantidad> to pay2.integrarse v prona) ( asimilarse) to integrate, fit inintegrarse a or en algo — to integrate into something, fit into something
b) ( unirse)integrarse a or en algo — to join something
* * *= absorb, encompass, integrate, mainstream, fit together, interweave, mesh, plug into, bring + Nombre + into the matter, populate, embed [imbed, -USA].Ex. For the majority, however, IT was regarded as simply another topic to absorb into syllabuses.Ex. The classification schemes that have been considered so far are general bibliographic classification schemes in that they attempt to encompass all of knowledge.Ex. The acquisitions system integrates data from the Online Union Catalogue with local order and fund data, thus improving order processing and providing current accounting information.Ex. This article describes the philosophy of some of the practical techniques used to achieve the goal of mainstreaming CD-ROMs into the library collection.Ex. The narrative may be unfamiliar in its structure so that they are unsure about the way different elements of the story fit together.Ex. Information services should also be interwoven with the social fabric and firmly rooted in a commuity in order to be acceptable.Ex. Meshing together the many means of communication remains the central task of libraries and this task continues to require financial support = La tarea central de las bibliotecas sigue siendo la de combinar los númerosos medios de comunicación, algo que continúa necesitando apoyo económico.Ex. In addition, when the heuristic approach is plugged into this interchange, the many additional facets of human personality and experience transform the exchange.Ex. This article explains how the epistolatory aspect of the books was exploited by the librarian in encouraging interest in the stories and how the children's craft work was brought into the matter (making rag dolls of the characters).Ex. One way librarians can add value is by carefully selecting, evaluating, and describing the resources that populate their Internet collections.Ex. String searching is a technique for locating a string of characters, even if it is embedded within a larger term.----* integrar en = merge into, lump + Nombre + into.* integrar formando un todo = articulate.* integrarse con = interface to/with, become + one with.* integrarse en = blend into, blend in with.* integrarse en el paisaje = blend into + the landscape.* integrarse en la sociedad = integrate into + society.* poderse integrar en = be integrable in.* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( formar) <grupo/organización> to make up2) ( incorporar) <idea/plan> to incorporate3) (Mat, Sociol) to integrate4) (CS) <suma/cantidad> to pay2.integrarse v prona) ( asimilarse) to integrate, fit inintegrarse a or en algo — to integrate into something, fit into something
b) ( unirse)integrarse a or en algo — to join something
* * *= absorb, encompass, integrate, mainstream, fit together, interweave, mesh, plug into, bring + Nombre + into the matter, populate, embed [imbed, -USA].Ex: For the majority, however, IT was regarded as simply another topic to absorb into syllabuses.
Ex: The classification schemes that have been considered so far are general bibliographic classification schemes in that they attempt to encompass all of knowledge.Ex: The acquisitions system integrates data from the Online Union Catalogue with local order and fund data, thus improving order processing and providing current accounting information.Ex: This article describes the philosophy of some of the practical techniques used to achieve the goal of mainstreaming CD-ROMs into the library collection.Ex: The narrative may be unfamiliar in its structure so that they are unsure about the way different elements of the story fit together.Ex: Information services should also be interwoven with the social fabric and firmly rooted in a commuity in order to be acceptable.Ex: Meshing together the many means of communication remains the central task of libraries and this task continues to require financial support = La tarea central de las bibliotecas sigue siendo la de combinar los númerosos medios de comunicación, algo que continúa necesitando apoyo económico.Ex: In addition, when the heuristic approach is plugged into this interchange, the many additional facets of human personality and experience transform the exchange.Ex: This article explains how the epistolatory aspect of the books was exploited by the librarian in encouraging interest in the stories and how the children's craft work was brought into the matter (making rag dolls of the characters).Ex: One way librarians can add value is by carefully selecting, evaluating, and describing the resources that populate their Internet collections.Ex: String searching is a technique for locating a string of characters, even if it is embedded within a larger term.* integrar en = merge into, lump + Nombre + into.* integrar formando un todo = articulate.* integrarse con = interface to/with, become + one with.* integrarse en = blend into, blend in with.* integrarse en el paisaje = blend into + the landscape.* integrarse en la sociedad = integrate into + society.* poderse integrar en = be integrable in.* * *integrar [A1 ]vtA (formar) ‹grupo/organización› to make upintegran el jurado actores y directores the jury is made up of o composed of actors and directorsla comisión está integrada por representantes de ambos países the commission is made up of o comprises representatives from both countrieslos países que integran la organización the countries which make up o form the organizationB (incorporar) integrar algo/a algn A or EN algo:ha conseguido integrar todos estos elementos en la película she has managed to incorporate all these elements into the movieestos dos bancos se han integrado al grupo Tecribe these two banks have been incorporated into o have become part of the Tecribe groupuna empresa integrada en el grupo Oriol a company which forms part of the Oriol grouppara integrar al niño en el grupo to integrate the child into the groupC ( Mat) to integrateD (CS) ‹suma/cantidad› to pay1 (asimilarse) to integrate, fit in integrarse A or EN algo to integrate INTO sth, fit INTO sthle fue difícil integrarse a or en esa sociedad he found it difficult to integrate into that society o fit into that societyse va a integrar muy rápido al or en el equipo he'll fit into the team very quickly2 (unirse) integrarse A or EN algo to join sthcuando España se integró a la Comunidad Europea when Spain joined the European Community* * *
integrar ( conjugate integrar) verbo transitivo
1 ( formar) ‹grupo/organización› to make up
2 ( incorporar) ‹idea/plan› to incorporate
3 (Mat, Sociol) to integrate
4 (CS) ‹suma/cantidad› to pay
integrarse verbo pronominal
integrarse a or en algo to integrate into sth, fit into sth
integrar vtr (componer, formar parte de) to compose, make up: cinco científicos y un filósofo integran la expedición, the expedition consists of five scientists and one philosopher
' integrar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
incorporar
English:
integrate
* * *♦ vt1. [incluir] to integrate;han integrado un chip en el motor the motor has a chip built into it;integra fax y fotocopiadora en un solo aparato it combines a fax and a photocopier in one machine;su objetivo es integrar a los inmigrantes en la comunidad their aim is to integrate immigrants into the community2. [componer] to make up;integran la comisión expertos en el tema the committee is made up of o composed of experts on the subject;una banda integrada por siete asaltantes robó el banco a gang of seven robbed the bank3. Mat to integrate* * *v/t integrate; equipo make up* * *integrar vt: to make up, to compose -
13 задача
(-= проблема, задание) problem, task• Аналитически эта задача весьма трудноразрешима. - Prom an analytical point of view, the problem is quite formidable.• В связи с данной задачей стоит заметить, что... - In connection with this problem it is worth noting that...• В такой постановке эта задача не может быть решена. - Thus stated, the problem can't be solved.• Вместо того, чтобы пытаться сделать общее исследование задачи, мы... - Rather than attempt a general investigation of the problem, we...• Возвращаясь к нашей первоначальной задаче, мы видим, что... - Returning to our original problem, we see that...• Возможно, что первой серьезной попыткой решить задачу была... - Perhaps the first serious attempt to solve the problem was...• Давайте рассмотрим эту задачу о... еще раз. - Let us reconsider the problem of...• Давайте решим еще одну более простую задачу. - Let us work one more simple problem.• Далее наша задача состоит в том, чтобы определить... - Our problem is then to determine...• Данная задача решается при помощи... - The problem is solved by means of...• Для любой сформулированной задачи всегда можно... - In any given problem, one can always...• До сих пор мы не упоминали о задаче... - We have not yet mentioned the problem of...• Другие подходы к той же задаче будут намечены ниже. - The different approaches to this problem will be outlined below.• Другой способ решения задачи начинается с уравнения... - Another attack on the problem starts from the equation...• Задача конкретизируется следующим образом. - The problem is specified as follows.• Задача состоит в нахождении численных решений для... - The problem is to find numerical solutions for...• Задача усложняется тем обстоятельством, что... - The problem is complicated by the fact that...• Задача, которая будет рассматриваться в данном параграфе... - The problem to be considered in this section...• Затем задача сводится к выводу формулы для... - The problem is then to deduce a formula for...• Значительно более простая, однако имеющая практический интерес задача состоит в вычислении... - A much simpler problem, but one of practical interest, is to calculate...• Известно, что эта задача является достаточно трудной, хотя... - This problem is known to be quite difficult, although...• Имеются три способа (= метода) решения такой задачи. - There are three ways of attacking such a problem.• Используя эту простую задачу, мы сможем проиллюстрировать... - With this simple problem we will be able to illustrate...• Математически можно поставить задачу следующим образом. - The problem can be stated mathematically as follows.• Мы немедленно обобщим задачу следующим образом:... - We immediately generalize the problem as follows:...• Мы рассматриваем задачу нахождения... - We are concerned with the problem of finding the...• Мы рассматриваем здесь задачу, которая... - We are dealing here with a problem which is...• Мы также уже обсудили эту задачу в главе 2. - We have also discussed this problem in Chapter 2.• Мы часто будем встречаться с задачей (нахождения, определения и т. п.)... - We shall often be faced with the problem of...• Наша задача состоит в том, чтобы найти... - Our task now is to find...• Нашей задачей является нахождение общей формулы для... - The problem is to find a general formula for...• Некоторые из этих задач возникают из (того) факта, что..., - Some of the problems arise from the fact that...• Непосредственное обобщение является нашей следующей задачей. - A direct extension is the following problem.• Общую задачу можно поставить математически в терминах... - The general problem can be stated mathematically in terms of...• Обычно это сложная задача. - This is usually a tricky problem.• Один класс интересных задач посвящен... - A class of interesting problems is concerned with...• Одна из интерпретаций этой задачи состоит в том, что... - One interpretation of this problem is that...• Однако задача становится много проще, если... - The problem, however, becomes much simpler if...• Однако подавляющее большинство практических задач рассматривает... - However, the vast majority of practical problems are concerned with...• Она (задача) будет иметь решение тогда и только тогда, когда... - This will have a solution if and only if...• Основной вопрос состоит в том, как мы должны подойти к задаче... - The main question is how we should approach the problem of...• Позднее мы узнаем как решать более практические задачи. - We shall learn how to treat more practical problems later.• Последний результат особенно полезен для задач, имеющих дело с... - The above result is particularly useful for problems involving...• Прежде чем рассматривать задачу, удобно напомнить, что... - Before considering the problem it will be convenient to recall...• При решении данной задачи важно отметить, что... - In solving this problem it is important to notice that...• Решения этой задачи легко вытекают из... - Solutions of this problem follow readily from...• Следующие задачи помогут показать важность... - The following problems will help show that importance of...• Строгое рассмотрение задачи показывает, что... - A rigorous treatment of the problem shows that...• Существенный интерес представляет задача определения... - It is a problem of considerable interest to determine...• Существует много способов решения данной задачи. - There are many ways to solve this problem.• Существуют разные пути решения этой задачи. - There are various ways of tackling this problem.• Существуют три способа, которыми мы могли бы решить задачу... - There are three ways by which we may approach the problem of...• Та же самая задача может быть решена непосредственно (применяя, путем и т. п.)... - The same problem might be solved directly by...• Таким образом, наша задача сводится к вычислению... - Our problem becomes, therefore, one of evaluating...• Часто возникающая задача состоит в следующем:... - A problem which arises very frequently is...• Чтобы поставить задачу однозначно, требуется дополнительное условие. - A further condition is required to specify the problem uniquely.• Чтобы решить задачу такого типа, мы... - То solve this type of problem, we...• Чтобы решить нашу задачу, нам необходимо знать величину... - То solve our problem we need the value of...• Чтобы упростить задачу, давайте предположим, что... - То simplify the problem, let us suppose that...• Эта задача изучается, поскольку... - This problem is studied because...• Эта задача особенно трудна в случае... - The problem is particularly severe in the case of...• Эта задача решается применением... - The problem is solved by applying...• Эта задача также рассматривается Смитом [1]. - This problem is also treated by Smith [1].• Эти задачи поддаются исследованию (с помощью)... - These problems are amenable to treatment by...• Это завело бы нас слишком далеко от задачи обсудить... - It would lead us too far a field to discuss... -
14 Stephenson, Robert
[br]b. 16 October 1803 Willington Quay, Northumberland, Englandd. 12 October 1859 London, England[br]English engineer who built the locomotive Rocket and constructed many important early trunk railways.[br]Robert Stephenson's father was George Stephenson, who ensured that his son was educated to obtain the theoretical knowledge he lacked himself. In 1821 Robert Stephenson assisted his father in his survey of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway and in 1822 he assisted William James in the first survey of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway. He then went to Edinburgh University for six months, and the following year Robert Stephenson \& Co. was named after him as Managing Partner when it was formed by himself, his father and others. The firm was to build stationary engines, locomotives and railway rolling stock; in its early years it also built paper-making machinery and did general engineering.In 1824, however, Robert Stephenson accepted, perhaps in reaction to an excess of parental control, an invitation by a group of London speculators called the Colombian Mining Association to lead an expedition to South America to use steam power to reopen gold and silver mines. He subsequently visited North America before returning to England in 1827 to rejoin his father as an equal and again take charge of Robert Stephenson \& Co. There he set about altering the design of steam locomotives to improve both their riding and their steam-generating capacity. Lancashire Witch, completed in July 1828, was the first locomotive mounted on steel springs and had twin furnace tubes through the boiler to produce a large heating surface. Later that year Robert Stephenson \& Co. supplied the Stockton \& Darlington Railway with a wagon, mounted for the first time on springs and with outside bearings. It was to be the prototype of the standard British railway wagon. Between April and September 1829 Robert Stephenson built, not without difficulty, a multi-tubular boiler, as suggested by Henry Booth to George Stephenson, and incorporated it into the locomotive Rocket which the three men entered in the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway's Rainhill Trials in October. Rocket, was outstandingly successful and demonstrated that the long-distance steam railway was practicable.Robert Stephenson continued to develop the locomotive. Northumbrian, built in 1830, had for the first time, a smokebox at the front of the boiler and also the firebox built integrally with the rear of the boiler. Then in Planet, built later the same year, he adopted a layout for the working parts used earlier by steam road-coach pioneer Goldsworthy Gurney, placing the cylinders, for the first time, in a nearly horizontal position beneath the smokebox, with the connecting rods driving a cranked axle. He had evolved the definitive form for the steam locomotive.Also in 1830, Robert Stephenson surveyed the London \& Birmingham Railway, which was authorized by Act of Parliament in 1833. Stephenson became Engineer for construction of the 112-mile (180 km) railway, probably at that date the greatest task ever undertaken in of civil engineering. In this he was greatly assisted by G.P.Bidder, who as a child prodigy had been known as "The Calculating Boy", and the two men were to be associated in many subsequent projects. On the London \& Birmingham Railway there were long and deep cuttings to be excavated and difficult tunnels to be bored, notoriously at Kilsby. The line was opened in 1838.In 1837 Stephenson provided facilities for W.F. Cooke to make an experimental electrictelegraph installation at London Euston. The directors of the London \& Birmingham Railway company, however, did not accept his recommendation that they should adopt the electric telegraph and it was left to I.K. Brunel to instigate the first permanent installation, alongside the Great Western Railway. After Cooke formed the Electric Telegraph Company, Stephenson became a shareholder and was Chairman during 1857–8.Earlier, in the 1830s, Robert Stephenson assisted his father in advising on railways in Belgium and came to be increasingly in demand as a consultant. In 1840, however, he was almost ruined financially as a result of the collapse of the Stanhope \& Tyne Rail Road; in return for acting as Engineer-in-Chief he had unwisely accepted shares, with unlimited liability, instead of a fee.During the late 1840s Stephenson's greatest achievements were the design and construction of four great bridges, as part of railways for which he was responsible. The High Level Bridge over the Tyne at Newcastle and the Royal Border Bridge over the Tweed at Berwick were the links needed to complete the East Coast Route from London to Scotland. For the Chester \& Holyhead Railway to cross the Menai Strait, a bridge with spans as long-as 460 ft (140 m) was needed: Stephenson designed them as wrought-iron tubes of rectangular cross-section, through which the trains would pass, and eventually joined the spans together into a tube 1,511 ft (460 m) long from shore to shore. Extensive testing was done beforehand by shipbuilder William Fairbairn to prove the method, and as a preliminary it was first used for a 400 ft (122 m) span bridge at Conway.In 1847 Robert Stephenson was elected MP for Whitby, a position he held until his death, and he was one of the exhibition commissioners for the Great Exhibition of 1851. In the early 1850s he was Engineer-in-Chief for the Norwegian Trunk Railway, the first railway in Norway, and he also built the Alexandria \& Cairo Railway, the first railway in Africa. This included two tubular bridges with the railway running on top of the tubes. The railway was extended to Suez in 1858 and for several years provided a link in the route from Britain to India, until superseded by the Suez Canal, which Stephenson had opposed in Parliament. The greatest of all his tubular bridges was the Victoria Bridge across the River St Lawrence at Montreal: after inspecting the site in 1852 he was appointed Engineer-in-Chief for the bridge, which was 1 1/2 miles (2 km) long and was designed in his London offices. Sadly he, like Brunel, died young from self-imposed overwork, before the bridge was completed in 1859.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1849. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1849. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1856. Order of St Olaf (Norway). Order of Leopold (Belgium). Like his father, Robert Stephenson refused a knighthood.Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, London: Longman (a good modern biography).J.C.Jeaffreson, 1864, The Life of Robert Stephenson, London: Longman (the standard nine-teenth-century biography).M.R.Bailey, 1979, "Robert Stephenson \& Co. 1823–1829", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 50 (provides details of the early products of that company).J.Kieve, 1973, The Electric Telegraph, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.PJGR -
15 pure
1. conj even if( tuttavia) (and) yet2. adv too, as wellpur di in order tovenga pure avanti! do come in!* * *pure avv.1 ( anche) also; ( in fine di frase) too, as well; ( perfino) even: la casa ha pure il giardino, the house has a garden too (o as well); aspettami, vengo pure io, wait for me, I'm coming too (o as well); ci saremo tutti e spero ci sarai pure tu, we'll all be there and I hope you'll come too; lui pure si è sbagliato, he was wrong as well; ho invitato pure lei e la sorella, I've invited her and her sister too; c'erano un divano di pelle e due poltrone, pure di pelle, there was a leather settee and two armchairs, also of leather; sapevano che era un compito difficile, come pure sapevano che..., they knew it was a difficult task and also that...; conosce bene il francese, l'inglese e pure il russo, he knows French and English well, and Russian too; tra gli ospiti d'onore c'era pure il sindaco, the mayor was also among the guests of honour; ne ha sofferto molto e si è pure ammalato, it hurt him greatly and even made him ill; si è venduto tutto, pure i mobili di casa, he sold everything, even the furniture // Robert è inglese, e la moglie pure, Robert is English, so is his wife; lui lavora, e lei pure, he works, so does she; ''Loro sono sempre puntuali'' ''Noi pure'', ''They are always punctual'' ''So are we''; ''Noi partiamo domani'' ''Pure loro'', ''We're leaving tomorrow'' ''So are they''; ''Mi è piaciuto molto quel film'' ''Pure a me'', ''I liked that film very much'' ''So did I'' // quando pure, se pure, ammesso pure che, even if: se pure me l'avessero detto, che cosa avrei potuto fare?, even if they had told me, what could I have done?2 ( con valore concessivo): vieni, entra pure, please come in; andate pure, you may go; fate pure con comodo, take your time; parlate pure liberamente, you can speak freely; sedete pure, please be seated; telefona pure quando vuoi, you can call me whenever you like3 ( con valore enfatico o intensivo): credi pure che è un mascalzone, believe me, he's a real scoundrel; bisognerà pure che tu prenda una decisione, you'll have to make up your mind; bisogna pur campare!, you've got to live!4 (letter.) ( proprio, davvero): è pur vero che non ci si può fidare di nessuno, it's a fact that you can't trust anyonepure cong.1 ( sebbene) even though; ( anche se) even if: pur non essendo un cattivo pianista, non ha successo, even though he isn't a bad pianist, he isn't successful; pur volendo, non riuscirei a farlo, I couldn't do it even if I wanted to; pur non conoscendo l'inglese, se l'è cavata benissimo in Inghilterra, even though he didn't know any English, he got on fine in England; fosse pure d'oro, non lo vorrei, I wouldn't like it even if it were gold // sia pure, ( anche se, per quanto) however: avrebbe bisogno di un aiuto, sia pure modesto, he needs help, however little it is; a quel punto dovetti, sia pur a malincuore, congedarmi da loro, at that point I was obliged, however unwillingly, to leave them2 ( tuttavia, eppure) but, yet: sarà anche vero, pure stento a crederlo, it may even be true, but I doubt it; è giovane, pure ha molto buon senso, he's young but he's got plenty of common sense; non ha una bella situazione, pure non si lamenta mai, he isn't in a good situation at all, but he never complains; non ha neanche telefonato, pure sapeva che lo stavamo aspettando, he didn't even telephone, yet he knew we were waiting for him3 pur di ( con valore finale) (in order) to; (just) to: darei qualunque cosa pur di vederlo sistemato, I'd give anything (just) to see him settled.* * *['pure]1. avv1) (anche) too, as well, also, (in proposizioni negative) eitherviene suo fratello e pure sua sorella — his brother is coming as is his sister, his brother is coming and his sister is too o as well
2)faccia pure! — please do!, by all means!, go ahead!2. cong1) (tuttavia, nondimeno) but, and yet, neverthelessnon è facile, pure bisogna riuscirci — it's not easy and yet we have to succeed
è giovane, pure ha buon senso — he's young but he's sensible
2) (anche se, sebbene) even thoughpur non volendolo, ho dovuto farlo — I had to do it even though I didn't want to
3)pur di vederlo contento farebbe di tutto — she would do anything to make him happy* * *['pure] 1.1) (anche) too, also, as wellc'ero pure io — I was there too o as well
fosse pure per ragioni umanitarie non lo farei — even if it were a humanitarian gesture, I wouldn't do it
non solo è disonesto, (ma) se ne vanta pure — not only is he dishonest but on top of that he boasts about it
2) (dopotutto) wellavrò pure il diritto di scherzare? — I can joke about it, can't I?
bisogna pur riconoscere che — it can be said, with some justice, that
3) (enfatico)c'è la pur minima possibilità che...? — is it at all likely that...?
4) (esortativo)parla pure! — go ahead, have your say!
diglielo pure — tell him, if you like
2.va' pure, fa' solo attenzione! — you can go, only be careful!
1) (sebbene) although, even if, (even) thoughpur volendolo, non potrei farlo — I couldn't do it even if I wanted to
2) (tuttavia) yet, butè un tipo strano, pure mi piace — he's a strange chap, but I still like him
3) pur di (in order) to4) quando pure, se pure, pure se even if, even thoughquando pure o pure se lo volessi, non potrei accontentarti — even if I wanted to, I couldn't help you
5) sia pure althoughsia pure a malincuore, devo andarmene — although I hate to, I really must go
* * *pure/'pure/v. la nota della voce anche.I avverbio1 (anche) too, also, as well; lui parte oggi e io pure he's leaving today and so am I; c'ero pure io I was there too o as well; fosse pure per ragioni umanitarie non lo farei even if it were a humanitarian gesture, I wouldn't do it; non solo è disonesto, (ma) se ne vanta pure not only is he dishonest but on top of that he boasts about it; ci mancava pure questa! this is just too much! l'ho aspettato pure troppo I've waited far too long for him; pur con tutta la buona volontà even with the best will in the world2 (dopotutto) well; avrò pure il diritto di scherzare? I can joke about it, can't I? bisogna pur farlo it has to be done; bisogna pur riconoscere che it can be said, with some justice, that; bisognerà pur dirglielo he'll have to be told though3 (enfatico) ci sarà pure qualcuno che mi presterà del denaro surely someone will lend me some money; c'è la pur minima possibilità che...? is it at all likely that...?4 (esortativo) entra pure! do come in! andiamo pure! let's go! parla pure! go ahead, have your say! diglielo pure tell him, if you like; dica pure can I help you? chiedete pure! feel free to ask! fai pure (come vuoi)! suit yourself! va' pure, fa' solo attenzione! you can go, only be careful! faccia pure con comodo! take your time over it! continua pure! go on!II congiunzione1 (sebbene) although, even if, (even) though; pur volendolo, non potrei farlo I couldn't do it even if I wanted to2 (tuttavia) yet, but; è un tipo strano, pure mi piace he's a strange chap, but I still like him3 pur di (in order) to; pagherei qualsiasi cifra pur di averlo I'd pay any price to get it; è capace di tutto pur di mantenere il suo lavoro he would do anything to keep his job4 quando pure, se pure, pure se even if, even though; quando pure o pure se lo volessi, non potrei accontentarti even if I wanted to, I couldn't help you5 sia pure although; sia pure a malincuore, devo andarmene although I hate to, I really must go. -
16 purè
1. conj even if( tuttavia) (and) yet2. adv too, as wellpur di in order tovenga pure avanti! do come in!* * *pure avv.1 ( anche) also; ( in fine di frase) too, as well; ( perfino) even: la casa ha pure il giardino, the house has a garden too (o as well); aspettami, vengo pure io, wait for me, I'm coming too (o as well); ci saremo tutti e spero ci sarai pure tu, we'll all be there and I hope you'll come too; lui pure si è sbagliato, he was wrong as well; ho invitato pure lei e la sorella, I've invited her and her sister too; c'erano un divano di pelle e due poltrone, pure di pelle, there was a leather settee and two armchairs, also of leather; sapevano che era un compito difficile, come pure sapevano che..., they knew it was a difficult task and also that...; conosce bene il francese, l'inglese e pure il russo, he knows French and English well, and Russian too; tra gli ospiti d'onore c'era pure il sindaco, the mayor was also among the guests of honour; ne ha sofferto molto e si è pure ammalato, it hurt him greatly and even made him ill; si è venduto tutto, pure i mobili di casa, he sold everything, even the furniture // Robert è inglese, e la moglie pure, Robert is English, so is his wife; lui lavora, e lei pure, he works, so does she; ''Loro sono sempre puntuali'' ''Noi pure'', ''They are always punctual'' ''So are we''; ''Noi partiamo domani'' ''Pure loro'', ''We're leaving tomorrow'' ''So are they''; ''Mi è piaciuto molto quel film'' ''Pure a me'', ''I liked that film very much'' ''So did I'' // quando pure, se pure, ammesso pure che, even if: se pure me l'avessero detto, che cosa avrei potuto fare?, even if they had told me, what could I have done?2 ( con valore concessivo): vieni, entra pure, please come in; andate pure, you may go; fate pure con comodo, take your time; parlate pure liberamente, you can speak freely; sedete pure, please be seated; telefona pure quando vuoi, you can call me whenever you like3 ( con valore enfatico o intensivo): credi pure che è un mascalzone, believe me, he's a real scoundrel; bisognerà pure che tu prenda una decisione, you'll have to make up your mind; bisogna pur campare!, you've got to live!4 (letter.) ( proprio, davvero): è pur vero che non ci si può fidare di nessuno, it's a fact that you can't trust anyonepure cong.1 ( sebbene) even though; ( anche se) even if: pur non essendo un cattivo pianista, non ha successo, even though he isn't a bad pianist, he isn't successful; pur volendo, non riuscirei a farlo, I couldn't do it even if I wanted to; pur non conoscendo l'inglese, se l'è cavata benissimo in Inghilterra, even though he didn't know any English, he got on fine in England; fosse pure d'oro, non lo vorrei, I wouldn't like it even if it were gold // sia pure, ( anche se, per quanto) however: avrebbe bisogno di un aiuto, sia pure modesto, he needs help, however little it is; a quel punto dovetti, sia pur a malincuore, congedarmi da loro, at that point I was obliged, however unwillingly, to leave them2 ( tuttavia, eppure) but, yet: sarà anche vero, pure stento a crederlo, it may even be true, but I doubt it; è giovane, pure ha molto buon senso, he's young but he's got plenty of common sense; non ha una bella situazione, pure non si lamenta mai, he isn't in a good situation at all, but he never complains; non ha neanche telefonato, pure sapeva che lo stavamo aspettando, he didn't even telephone, yet he knew we were waiting for him3 pur di ( con valore finale) (in order) to; (just) to: darei qualunque cosa pur di vederlo sistemato, I'd give anything (just) to see him settled.* * *['pure]1. avv1) (anche) too, as well, also, (in proposizioni negative) eitherviene suo fratello e pure sua sorella — his brother is coming as is his sister, his brother is coming and his sister is too o as well
2)faccia pure! — please do!, by all means!, go ahead!2. cong1) (tuttavia, nondimeno) but, and yet, neverthelessnon è facile, pure bisogna riuscirci — it's not easy and yet we have to succeed
è giovane, pure ha buon senso — he's young but he's sensible
2) (anche se, sebbene) even thoughpur non volendolo, ho dovuto farlo — I had to do it even though I didn't want to
3)pur di vederlo contento farebbe di tutto — she would do anything to make him happy* * *['pure] 1.1) (anche) too, also, as wellc'ero pure io — I was there too o as well
fosse pure per ragioni umanitarie non lo farei — even if it were a humanitarian gesture, I wouldn't do it
non solo è disonesto, (ma) se ne vanta pure — not only is he dishonest but on top of that he boasts about it
2) (dopotutto) wellavrò pure il diritto di scherzare? — I can joke about it, can't I?
bisogna pur riconoscere che — it can be said, with some justice, that
3) (enfatico)c'è la pur minima possibilità che...? — is it at all likely that...?
4) (esortativo)parla pure! — go ahead, have your say!
diglielo pure — tell him, if you like
2.va' pure, fa' solo attenzione! — you can go, only be careful!
1) (sebbene) although, even if, (even) thoughpur volendolo, non potrei farlo — I couldn't do it even if I wanted to
2) (tuttavia) yet, butè un tipo strano, pure mi piace — he's a strange chap, but I still like him
3) pur di (in order) to4) quando pure, se pure, pure se even if, even thoughquando pure o pure se lo volessi, non potrei accontentarti — even if I wanted to, I couldn't help you
5) sia pure althoughsia pure a malincuore, devo andarmene — although I hate to, I really must go
* * *purè/pu'rε/m. e f.inv.gastr. puree; purè di patate mashed potatoes; purè in fiocchi instant mashed potatoes; fare un purè di, ridurre in purè to puree [frutta, verdura]. -
17 доказательство
proof (of), demonstration (of), argument, evidence (for)•Альтернативное доказательство может быть получено (путем, на пути)... - An alternate proof may be obtained by...• Альтернативное доказательство оставлено в качестве упражнения 1.3. - An alternative proof is left to Exercise 1.3.• Безо всяких доказательств мы просто утверждаем, что... - Without going into any proofs, we simply state that...• Более простое прямое доказательство было дано Смитом [1]. Мы следуем его методу. - A simpler direct proof was given by Smith [1], whose method we follow here.• В качестве упражнения мы оставляем читателю доказательство, что... - It is left as an exercise for the reader to show that...• Вдобавок, это доказательство можно слегка упростить... - Incidentally, this proof can be made somewhat simpler by...• Дадим формальное доказательство (этого). - The formal proof is as follows.• Данное доказательство использует метод математической индукции по п. - The proof is by induction on n.• Данное доказательство существенно основывается на нашем предположении, что... - The proof rests fundamentally on our assumption that...• Для доказательства второго утверждения (теоремы) мы выписываем... - То prove part (ii), we write...• Для нашего доказательства удобно использовать... - For our proof it is convenient to use...• Доказательство (теоремы) довольно длинное, поэтому мы разобьем его на несколько шагов. - The proof is rather long, so we shall break it up into several steps.• Доказательство (этого факта, этой теоремы и т. п.) простое, и потому мы оставляем его читателю. - The proof is simple; we leave it to the reader.• Доказательство леммы закончено (= завершено). - The proof of the lemma is finished; This proves the lemma.• Доказательство не закончено до тех пор, пока мы не... - The proof is not complete until we...• Доказательство обратного утверждения уже было проведено. - The proof of the converse has already been given.• Доказательство проводится методом индукции по п. - The proof is by induction on n.• Доказательство проводится от противного. - The argument is by reductio ad absurdum.• Доказательство следует почти немедленно из определения... - The proof is almost immediate from the definition of...• Доказательство становится неверным, если... - The proof breaks down if...• Доказательство теоремы завершено. - This completes the proof; The theorem is proved; QED• Доказательство этого легкое (= несложное). - The proof is easy.• Доказательство этого факта подобно доказательству теоремы 2. - This proof is similar to the proof of Theorem 2.• Другое доказательство намечено в упражнении 2. - An alternative proof is outlined in Exercise 2.• Его доказательство является достаточно элементарным. - The proof is quite elementary.• Затем мы переключаем наше внимание на доказательство того, что... - We turn our attention next to proving that...• Затем нам нужно будет одно особое доказательство, чтобы продемонстрировать, что... - We will then need a special argument to show that...• Здесь мы уже подошли к чисто геометрическому доказательству... - Here we have arrived at a purely geometrical proof of...• Имеются все доказательства того, что... - There is every indication that...• Метод доказательства аналогичен методу, использованному Бляшке [3]. - The proof method is analogous to the method used by Blashke [3].• Мы можем дать простое доказательство этой теоремы следующим образом. - We can give a simple proof of this theorem as follows.• Мы накопили ряд убедительных доказательств того, что... - We have amassed a convincing body of evidence that...• Мы начинаем доказательство с... - We begin the proof by...• Мы начинаем с доказательства двух лемм. - We begin by proving two lemmas.• Мы опускаем весьма громоздкое доказательство данной теоремы. - We omit the rather lengthy proof of this theorem.• Мы опустим доказательство этого утверждения. - We will omit the proof of this statement.• Мы оставляем читателю доказательство противоположного утверждения. - We leave the converse proof to the reader.• Мы оставляем читателю дополнить детали (доказательства). - The details are left to the reader,• Мы примем этот важный факт без доказательства. - We shall accept this important fact without proof.• Мы рассуждаем так же, как при доказательстве теоремы 1. (= Мы полностью повторяем рассуждения из доказательства теоремы 1. ) - We argue exactly as in the proof of Theorem 1.• Наш первый шаг состоит в доказательстве, что... - Our first task is to prove...• Наше доказательство, в основном, повторяет доказательство леммы 2 из [1]. - Our proof follows along the lines of Lemma 2 of [1].• Небольшое изменение этого доказательства показывает, что... - A minor modification of the proof shows that...• Нет никаких экспериментальных доказательств, показывающих, что... - There is no experimental evidence to indicate that...• Однако (его/ее) доказательство не является настолько простым, как можно было бы подумать (= вообразить). - The proof, however, is not as easy as one might think.• Однако доказательство данной гипотезы сложное, потому что... - However, proof of this hypothesis is difficult because...• Однако имеется огромное множество доказательств (= свидетельств) того, что... - But there is a great deal of evidence that...(= предоставляется) читателю. - The remainder of the proof is left to the reader.• Остальная часть доказательства проводится уже более или менее просто. - The rest of the proof is now more or less straightforward.• В работе Смита [1] приведено доказательство при менее ограничительных условиях. - For a proof under less restrictive conditions, see Smith [1].• Перед тем как мы сможем завершить доказательство, мы должны... - Before we can complete the proof, we must...• Полученное противоречие завершает доказательство. - This contradiction completes the proof.• Предшествующее доказательство принадлежит лорду Рэлею [1]. - The foregoing proof is due to Lord Rayleigh [1].• Приведем более полное доказательство, данное Гильбертом [2]. - A fuller proof, given by Hilbert [2], is as follows.• Простейшее доказательство базируется на идее, что... - The simplest proof rests on the concept of...• Простое и прямое доказательство может быть получено... - A simple and direct proof can be obtained by...• Разобьем доказательство на два шага (= две части). - We shall divide the proof into two steps.• С целью экономии места мы опускаем доказательство... - We omit the proof in order to save space; For reasons of space we omit the proof of...• Сейчас имеется огромное количество доказательств того, что... - There is now overwhelming evidence that...• Следующее доказательство является небольшой модификацией доказательства, данного Смитом [1]. - The following proof is a slight modification of that given by Smith [1].• Смит [1] дал общее доказательство того, что... - Smith [1] has given a general proof that...• Сформулируем без доказательства следующую теорему относительно... - We state without proof the following theorem concerning...• Теперь займемся доказательством этой теоремы. - We now come to the proof of the theorem.• Теперь мы приведем пропущенные детали доказательства. - We now proceed to fill in the details; We shall now fill in the details.• Убедительное доказательство этого утверждения предоставлено Смитом [1]. - Convincing proof of this statement is furnished by Smith [1].• Центральной частью доказательства является то, что... - The crux of the proof is that...• Чтобы завершить доказательство, мы... - In order to finish the proof, we...; Finally, we...• Чтобы завершить доказательство, мы выпишем... - For the remainder of the proof we write...• Чтобы завершить доказательство, нам остается показать, что... - То complete the proof, we need to demonstrate that...• Чтобы закончить доказательство, мы... - In order to complete the proof, we...• Элегантное доказательство, которое мы здесь приводим, в основном принадлежит Гильберту. - The elegant proof we give is essentially due to Hilbert.• Это доказательство легко изменить для того, чтобы показать, что... - The proof is easily adapted to show that...• Это доказательство основывается на факте, что... - The proof is based on the fact that...• Это доказательство почти идентично доказательству последней теоремы. - The proof is almost identical with that of the last theorem.• Это доказательство слишком сложное, чтобы приводить его здесь. - The proof is too complicated to give here.• Это приводит к противоречию, и следовательно, доказательство закончено. - This gives a contradiction, and the proof is complete.• Этот метод доказательства весьма оригинален. - The method of proof is quite ingenious.• Этот метод доказательства довольно общий и применим к... - The method of proof is quite general and applies to...• Этот факт был отмечен без доказательства в главе 4. - This fact was noted without proof in Chapter 4. -
18 Brain
Among the higher mammals the great development of neocortex occurs.In each group of mammals there is a steady increase in the area of the association cortex from the most primitive to the evolutionarily most recent type; there is an increase in the number of neurons and their connections. The degree of consciousness of an organism is some function of neuronal cell number and connectivity, perhaps of neurons of a particular type in association cortex regions. This function is of a threshold type such that there is a significant quantitative break with the emergence of humans. Although the importance of language and the argument that it is genetically specified and unique to humans must be reconsidered in the light of the recent evidence as to the possibility of teaching chimpanzees, if not to speak, then to manipulate symbolic words and phrases, there are a number of unique human features which combine to make the transition not merely quantitative, but also qualitative. In particular these include the social, productive nature of human existence, and the range and extent of the human capacity to communicate. These features have made human history not so much one of biological but of social evolution, of continuous cultural transformation. (Rose, 1976, pp. 180-181)[S]ome particular property of higher primate and cetacean brains did not evolve until recently. But what was that property? I can suggest at least four possibilities...: (1) Never before was there a brain so massive; (2) Never before was there a brain with so large a ratio of brain to body mass; (3) Never before was there a brain with certain functional units (large frontal and temporal lobes, for example); (4) Never before was there a brain with so many neural connections or synapses.... Explanations 1, 2 and 4 argue that a quantitative change produced a qualitative change. It does not seem to me that a crisp choice among these four alternatives can be made at the present time, and I suspect that the truth will actually embrace most or all of these possibilities. (Sagan, 1978, pp. 107-109)The crucial change in the human brain in this million years or so has not been so much the increase in size by a factor of three, but the concentration of that increase in three or four main areas. The visual area has increased considerably, and, compared with the chimpanzee, the actual density of human brain cells is at least 50 percent greater. A second increase has taken place in the area of manipulation of the hand, which is natural since we are much more hand-driven animals than monkeys and apes. Another main increase has taken place in the temporal lobe, in which visual memory, integration, and speech all lie fairly close together. And the fourth great increase has taken place in the frontal lobes. Their function is extremely difficult to understand... ; but it is clear that they're largely responsible for the ability to initiate a task, to be attentive while it is being done, and to persevere with it. (Bronowski, 1978, pp. 23-24)The human brain works however it works. Wishing for it to work in some way as a shortcut to justifying some ethical principle undermines both the science and the ethics (for what happens to the principle if the scientific facts turn out to go the other way?). (Pinker, 1994, p. 427)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Brain
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19 असिः _asiḥ
असिः [अस्यते क्षिप्यते; अस्-इन् Uṇ.4.139]1 A sword-2 A knife used for killing animals.-3 [अस्यति सेवनेन पापानि] N. of a river to the south of Benares.-4 Breath (श्वास).-सि ind. The 2nd pers. sing. of the present of अस् to be, used as an indeclinable in the sense of 'त्वम्' thou; as in कृतवानसि विप्रियं न मे Ku.4.7 (where however असि may be taken as a verb).-Comp. -असि ind. sword against sword.-गण्डः a small pillow for the cheeks; (असिः क्षिप्तो गण्डो यत्र Tv.).-चार्य exercise or practice of arms; Mb.1.-जीविन् a. one who earns his livelihood by means of swords, a soldier fighting for wages.-दंष्ट्रः, दंष्ट्रकः the marine monster makara or crocodile (painted on the banner of Kāmadeva).-दन्तः a crocodile.-धारा the edge of a sword; सुरगज इवं दन्तैर्भग्नदैत्यासिधारैः R.1.86,41.-धाराव्रतम् [असिधारायां स्थितिरिव दुष्करं व्रतम्]1 (according to some) the vow of standing on the edge of a sword; (according to others) the vow of keeping constant company with a young wife and yet steadily resisting the tempta- tion of sexual intercourse with her; यत्रैकशयनस्थापि प्रमदा नोपभुज्यते । असिधाराव्रतं नाम वदन्ति मुनिपुंगवाः ॥ or शयने मध्ये खड्गं विधाय स्त्रीपुंसौ यत्र ब्रह्मचर्येण स्वपतस्तत्; or युवा युवत्या सार्धं यन्मुग्धभर्तृवदाचरेत् । अन्तर्निवृत्तसङ्गः स्यादसिधाराव्रतं हि तत् Yādava.-2 (hence fig.) any hopelssly difficult task; सतां केनोद्दिष्टं विषममसिधाराव्रतमिदम् Bh.2.28,64; असिधारा- व्रतमिदं यदरिणा सह संवासः Pt.3.-धावः, -धावकः an armourer, furbisher. वाद्यविद्याविदग्धाश्च लुब्धकाश्चासिधावकाः । Śiva. B.31.21.-धेनुः, -धेनुका [असिर्धेनुरिव यस्याः वा कप् or असेर्धेनुका (धेनुशब्देन स्त्रीवाचकत्वं संदृश्यते)] a knife; Vikr.4.69; cf. स्याच्छस्त्री चासिपुत्री च च्छुरिका चासिधेनुका । Ak.2.8.92.-पत्र a. having sword-shaped leaves; जातं तमात्मन्यसिपत्रवृक्षम् R.14.48.(-त्रः) 1 the sugar-cane.-2 a kind of tree which grows in the lower world. (Mar. त्रिधारी निवडुंग.)-3 a hell paved with swords.(-त्रम्) 1 the blade of a sword.-2 a sheath, a scabbard. ˚वनम् a hell where the trees have leaves as sharp as swords. असिपत्रवनं चैव निशितं क्षुरसंवृतम् (ददर्श) Mb.18.2. 23; असिपत्रवनं चैव लोहदारकमेव च । Ms.4.9;-पत्रकः 1 a sugar-cane.-2 white दर्भ grass, Bhāg.5.26.7.-पथः, -थम् the course of the breath.-पुच्छः, -पुच्छकः the Gangetic porpoise; see शिशुमार.-पुत्रिका, -पुत्री a knife (असेः पुत्रीव).-मेदः [असिरिव तीक्ष्णो मेदो निर्यासो यस्य] the fetid Khadira. (विट्खदिर; Mar. शेण्याखैर).-लता the blade of a sword; ददृशुरुल्लसितासिलतासिताः Śi.6.51.-हत्य a. to be killed with a sword. (-त्यम्) fighting with knives or swords.-हस्तः killing by right hand sword; (असिहस्तो दक्षिणबाहुविभ्रान्तच्छेदः । इति नीलकण़्ठटीका); असिहस्तापहस्ताभ्यां तेषां गात्राण्यकृन्तत Mb.6.9.45.-हेतिः [असिर्हेतिः साधनमस्य] a swordsman. -
20 казаться
(= показаться) seem, appear• В целом кажется, что... - On balance it seems that...• Данная ситуация кажется подобной... - The situation is reminiscent of...• Задача кажется нетрудной. - The problem seems to be easily solved.• Интуитивно кажется разумным предположить, что... - It is intuitively reasonable to suppose that...• Кажется (= Нам кажется), имеются две основные причины (для)... - There seem to be two principle causes for...• Кажется естественным потребовать... - It seems natural to require...• Кажется разумным предположить, что... - It seems reasonable to assume that...• Кажется, все это демонстрирует, что... - All this seems to show that...• Кажется, наиболее мудрой является стратегия компромисса. - The wisest course seems to be one of compromise.• Кажется, это происходит, по крайней мере отчасти, вследствие... - This seems to result, at least in part,from...• Могло бы показаться, что... - It might seem that...• На первый взгляд кажется, что... - At first sight it appears that...• В действительности его исследование, кажется, демонстрирует, что... - Actually his investigation seemed to show that...• Однако биологам 19-го века казалось неправдоподобным, что... - However, it seemed inconceivable to 19th century biologists that...• Поэтому кажется предпочтительнее... - For this reason it seems better to...• Следовательно, кажется резонным... - Hence it seems reasonable to...• Тем не менее, почти казалось, что... - Nevertheless, it would almost seem that...• Теперь, кажется, имеет смысл спросить, действительно ли... - It seems reasonable at this point to ask whether...• Хотя такое предположение кажется правдоподобным,... - Although such an assumption seems plausible,...• Эта, казалось бы, трудная проблема оказывается сравнительно простой. - This seemingly difficult task turns out to be relatively simple.• Это может казаться довольно неопределенным в свете того факта, что... - This may seem rather pointless in light of the fact that...• Это, кажется, создало впечатление, что... - This seems to have created the impression that...
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